Drugs And Politics The War On Drugs Essay - 2157 Words

Drugs and Politics The war on drugs has been a great tool to keep the force of U.S drug policies’ in Latin America because the prohibition makes the most successful and profitable failure to transnational corporations. Over the course 100 years of repression history of narcotics, it has become apparent that zero tolerance policies have brought nothing than harm to the working class on a Global scale, especially Mexico. The attempt to eradicate trafficking in narcotics in many of the Latin American nations is a bloody game of failure. There is no measurable correlation that the supply of illicit drugs into the United States is decreasing as a result of this war. So, there is no end to it because of the morality behind the prohibition. The prejudices and myths created to condemn the use of illicit drugs; it formed a moral ground to sustain the ban. This new approach to drugs emerged from a political and social discourse in Latin America. The association of drug use to â€Å"m oral living standards† it was just a way to construct problem to divide and conquer. Therefore, the war on drugs just means that denying and mobilizing resistance to drugs; it could be better understood as a way to increase social and territorial control over lands and people with economic interests. Beatriz C. Labate writes about the use of drugs is seemed as degeneration of the body and soul just as a sin and it must be combated (Labate, 2016, pg. 7). Meaning that to have a successful policy, theShow MoreRelatedThe Stigma And Usage Of Recreational Drugs1582 Words   |  7 Pagesrecreational drugs has shown a positive impact on the community through decrease of incarcerations and medical advancements. This essay argues that although state and local policy changes have shown to be more effective than it’s predecessor set by the Nixon administration, federal oversight and involvement is still crucial to the success of applying a drug policy onto any type of population. Recreational drugs, or otherwise known as club drugs are often described in American media as: Drugs that areRead MoreThe Hippie Generation Changed the World Essay707 Words   |  3 Pagesparents or doing drugs and having sex, Hippies are people who believe that the way to peace is love. They believe that in order to love one another it is important that they accept one another for who they are but the people in their time others did not see this. They just saw kids that were breaking the law. They did many wild things that people other than the hippies frowned upon like, doing many different drugs and experimenting with sex, listening to loud music and holding war protests. OneRead MoreHurt Locker1119 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2011 Hurt Locker: An Addiction To War The Hurt Locker can give almost anybody the nerves with its numerous suspenseful moments. But what lies inside all the tension filled scenes is a much deeper meaning. Kathryn Bigelow stresses an important message in this Oscar-winning epic. Although the film depicts the gruesome horrors of war, Kathryn Bigelow’s The Hurt Locker is not an anti-war film. The Hurt Locker is a film about James’s addiction to war because it shows his desire tension riskRead MoreThe Zetas vs. Sinaloa Cartel1419 Words   |  6 PagesDr. Cline Blas P. Valdez May 29, 2013 Unit 11: Project Final Draft The War between the two major drug cartels in Mexico, Los Zetas and the Sinaloa Drug Cartel, has exploded to new extremes and is now affecting multiple countries. There are multiple cartels in Mexico who control certain sections of the country, but all have aligned with one or the other of the two Goliaths. This war started over the drug routes stemming from southern Mexico to the United States of America. The Sinaloa CartelRead MoreIn ‘The Social Life Of Smokes: Processes Of Exchange In1031 Words   |  5 Pagessocial processes involved in drug markets (Dwyer 2011). Her ethnographic research on the Footscray street based heroin marketplace in Melbourne, Australia indicates that drug research should be applied to relevant and effective policy making. In addition, this ethnographic research challenges society’s hostile perceptions towards drug exchange and main theoretical concepts through the introduction of alternative perspectives. The first perspective affirms tha t drug markets are determined by theRead MoreTeenage And Peer Pressure By Marjane Satrapi s Memoire, Persepolis855 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause there was a war in her country, and the lifestyle she led when she went to the school. Marji behaved like most teenager who cannot withstand peer pressure. She was naà ¯ve, unfocused, trusting and liked politics, so Teenage and Peer Pressure would have been a better title for the chapter. First, being naà ¯ve can let somebody take advantage someone by asking the person to run errands that are against the law or unethical. Marji had a boyfriend on campus called Markus who was a drug user. Marji wasRead MoreEssay on Drug Use in the 1960s1519 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Use in the 1960s The time: the 1960s. The place: United States of America. Who? The youth. Doing what? Using drugs. Why? Many reasons. The 1960s proved to be a very turbulent time in the history of American youth growing up. There were many different activist movements all over the country. The primary drug user was the male college student involved in politics. He used mostly marijuana, some cocaine or LSD and of course alcohol. The sixites culminated with perhaps the biggest public sceneRead MoreThe Sinaloa Cartel Is The Premier Drug Trafficking Organization999 Words   |  4 PagesThe Sinaloa Cartel is the premier drug trafficking organization in Mexico. The cartel is based out of Sinaloa, Mexico. Unlike many of the Mexican cartels, the Sinaloa Cartel exports large quantities of multiple drugs into the United States. Pablo Escobar is considered one of the most notorious drug lords in history. Escobar’s cartel was only in charge of exporting cocaine into the United States. The Sinaloa Carte l exports cocaine, methamphetamines, and marijuana into the United States. The leaderRead MoreEssay about Politics Culture of Mexico1022 Words   |  5 PagesPolitics and Culture of Mexico SOC315: Cross-Cultural Perspectives Instructor Theodore July 2, 2012 While politics in Mexico may one day be good for the people of Mexico, the current state of the country is not so good. The poverty level of Mexico has always been high, the country is known to be run by drugs and horrible, inhumane working conditions are common because of outside business coming in and taking advantage of what people will do for little money in the countryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Bong Hits And Arms Bands On School 960 Words   |  4 Pageswhich had the words â€Å"Bong Hits 4 Jesus† on it in. This was a violation of the schools rule to not promote illegal drugs (Supreme Court). The case was brought to the Supreme Court, Morse v. Fredrick (2007), and they held, 5-4, that the â€Å"school authorities do not violate the First Amendment when they stop students from expressing views that may be interpreted as promoting illegal drug use† (uscourts.gov). Although in this case the Supreme Court was in favor of Morse, this is not alwa ys the case. Students

Obesity A Major Issue - 1472 Words

OBESITY Obesity is a major issue in the U.S.A. It is among the highest health problems in the U.S.A. Obesity can lead to heart disease, diabetes, some types of cancers, and can also lead to death .Two out of three Americans are considered to be obese. For a better future of the country obesity must be stopped. When the technology was not much advanced and people used to work manually, using their own minds because of which people were fit and fine and there were less obese people in the country. Nowadays, technology is so advanced that everything is done by the computers and machinery. People who work in offices just sit in front of the computers all day and don’t even need to move from their chairs to get the job done. They stay inactive and do not go for any outdoor activities, which is making them obese. Using the computer excessively can lead to weight gain. Sitting in front of the computer all day long also causes problems like depression, inactive social life, back-ache, headache, and more. People in offices tend to miss their meals because of the work pressure on them, which is bad for their health and is also a reason for gaining weight in people. Besides doing all the work on the computer, people should take of their health by doing physical activities, working out in gym, and eating healthy food. By doing this people can stay fit and healthy and will not become obese by sitting all day in front of theShow MoreRelatedObesity Is A Major Issue844 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is a major issue that has plagued many Americans in the past 50 years. Obesity is not something that should be taken lightly as it is known to lead to multiple health concerns and overall lower life expectancy. Unfortunately, the rate of obesity of children under the age of 19 has drastically increased from where it was in 1971. Also, there was a notable spike in the last 10 years and these rates continue to rise (Pineros-Leano). So why the recent spike? The fast-food industry. Despite theRead MoreObesity : A Major Issue Worldwide981 Words   |  4 PagesPrabina Dhakal Professor Micah Heatwole English 1301-7 24 October, 2014 Dieting Makes People Fat Obesity has become a major issue worldwide. It has not been that long, since American Medical Association recognized obesity as a disease. People should change their lifestyles and eat healthy to be fit. However, whenever the topic of weight comes up, the issue of dieting presents itself. People believe dieting is the answer to be fit or to be in shape. In this sophisticated world, priorityRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Major Health Issue1731 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Childhood obesity is a major health issue nationwide and globally. This has been going on for many years and childhood obesity has increased tremendously. The main problem is the difference between calorie ingestion and calories consumed. Other influences (hereditary, developmental, and environmental) can also affect obese children. Physical, emotional, and public health issues causes pain and suffering for many children. The process of obesity growth is not completely understoodRead MoreObesity : A Major Healthcare Issue Worldwide1643 Words   |  7 PagesObesity is one major healthcare issue worldwide. This occurs in any race, gender, and ethnicity. In fact, individuals have been struggling with this problem way before the simplest sexually transmitted diseases were ever discovered. Buchwald (2003) states that, â€Å"An individual usually is considered obese when his or her body mass index (BMI) is over 30 percent.† Although it can occur in any individual, obesity is deter mined after a few factors: gender, height, and age. A physician is usually the oneRead MoreObesity Is A Major Public Health Issue917 Words   |  4 PagesObesity in the United States is a major public health issue. According to prevalence data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) 2011-2012, 34% of US adults are overweight (BMI 25-29.9), 35.1% obese (BMI 30-39.9) and 6.4% morbidly obese (BMI ≠¥40). NHANES does not include incarcerated individuals in the surveys. The 2011-2012 United States Bureau of Justice, National Inmate Survey, indicated the prevalence of overweight, obesity and morbid obesity for state and federalRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Major Health Issue1314 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity is a major health issue. The number of overweight children in the United States is at an all time high and rising at a steadfast pace. For us to understand the impact of obesity and why we should prevent it, we will need to take a look at w hat has contributed to the epidemic in the first place. First we need to take a look at childhood obesity, even if children are slightly overweight and not quite obese at childhood, their childhood is laying the foundation for possible obesity in theirRead MoreObesity Is A Major Issue That Our Country Faces Today950 Words   |  4 PagesI chose to write about a cartoon from Times Magazine that focuses on Obesity in America by Joe Heller. Obesity is a major issue that our country faces today. After analyzing this cartoon I wanted to further my understandings to what it meant. In this article we see that the American Medical Association (AMA) is a main variable. They stated that â€Å"moderately overweight people live longer†. That is a bold statement and what I want to know is does having extra body fat really allow you to live longerRead More Critiquing Internet Sources The author is keen in analyzing the issue of excessive consumption of800 Words   |  4 Pages \ Critiquing Internet Sources The author is keen in analyzing the issue of excessive consumption of alcohol among college students. He acknowledges that excessive drinking is a common problem among college and university students and wants to explore why such students indulge in such a risky behavior. The author uses a reliable number of students when looking at the drinking problem and chooses the correct age, which is students below 21 years (Dodd et al, 2010). The results of the author’sRead MoreObesity : Becoming A Public Concern1654 Words   |  7 Pages Executive Summary Obesity has become an epidemic in American societies that has become a public concern. According to the American Obesity Association (AOA), overweight and obesity rates are higher than ever in America’s youth. Obesity is the fastest growing cause of disease in American society today. Some of the major health concerns for today’s youth with obesity include severe asthma, Diabetes, Hypertension, orthopedic complications and sleep apnea. Researchers have come up with manyRead MoreObesity Is A Global Issue1568 Words   |  7 PagesA steadily increase in childhood obesity has gained the awareness of everyone. Many are wondering that today s obese children may turn into the generations next obese adults. Obesity is a global issue, and being knowledgeable of the causes is an affection way of prevention. Technology, foods, and genes all factor into the childhood obesity epidemic. For example, â€Å"McDonald s even has toys in their food, increasing production and influencing students to eat it more† (Qtd. by Marcia). It is certainly

Periodical Review Of Human Com Essay Example For Students

Periodical Review Of Human Com Essay This is a review of Human Communications Research (HCR) journal. It is published quarterly beginning in September (Fall) and ending in June (Summer). The review being done is on Volume 22, which extends from September 1995 to June 1996. The journal takes a behavioral science perspective in its research of human communications. Research areas include Interpersonal, organizational, mass communication, methodology, information systems and persuasion. HCR is a periodical that recognizes that the world is constantly evolving and that communications research must do the same in order to develop a more clear understanding of the important issues and situational demands that are at hand. In maintaining this approach, HCR focuses on exploring new research areas as well as taking a more theoretical approach. They are also trying to acknowledge more international research studies. Methodologically speaking, they seem to remain open to possibilities and try to promote discussion through their ac ceptance of articles. The new senior editor Cindy Gallois, in her editorial best describes the general direction and intent of HCR. One of the main goals is to encourage diversity so that HCR will have something of interest for every reader. She also says that HCR is moving with a general trend that is away from the databased research studies towards more theory-based research and rigorous interpretations of results. Although they are trying to increase the variety of topics, they are still maintaining a behavioral science approach to communications. Gallois also welcomes the expansion of methods on research and is a firm believer in the idea that a good researcher is one that is capable of choosing the approach and methodology that best fit the research question. It is also her belief that HCR will develop more of an international flavor because the present volume marks the first time it has been edited by a non-U.S. resident. This will allow for a greater recognition of the active communication research studies being done in many countries. Upon review of articles in HCR, I found quite few having similar topics. These included: Communication in the workplace, persuasion, deception, and communication support systems. These topics all deal with important aspects of human communication and are consistent with what is trying to be achieved by HCR. The intent of this journal is to improve human communication in areas that it would be widely useful consistent with the changing world. By researching different perspectives of issues, HCR hopes to get a better understanding of what the obstacles have previously been in order to try and improve communication relationships. An outline of some of the main topics of research in this volume should lead to a better understanding of their intent. There were two main focuses with respect to communication in the workplace. First, research on co-worker communication when there is perceived differential treatment (superior-subordinate) and the maintenance of superior-subordinate (S-s) relationships in the work environment. Differences in these studies compared with previously related studies were highlighted to show the new direction and perspective of this research. For example, one study was concerned with the impact of the S-s relationship on transferees. This was relevant because on average over 400,000 people a year are involved in a work transfer (in the U.S.) Another article covering the presence of differential S-s treatment was designed to show a linkage between vertical and horizontal dyadic relationships within an organization. Co-worker co-operation and communication is as important as S-s communication in the workplace yet this relationship had been studied prior to this article. The study provides evidence to conclu de the S-s relationship affects those outside that dyad, particularly other members within the work group, even when differential treatment is only perceived;.1 Thus, this research offered insight into fairness in organizations and how perceptions of this affect coworker relations. Another study was interested in strategic; situations where one or both parties of the S-s relationship were conscious of impending difficulties and therefore took steps to maintain the relationship. The second main focus pertinent to workplace communication is the use of computer-assisted group decision making and video-conferencing. The work on group decision support systems (GDSS) is key because of technologically induced changes in communications within organizations. This study was designed to show that GDSSs aided in the structuring, organization, and participation in decision-making and that decision paths that most resembled logical normative sequences had superior outcomes to those that did not;.2 Video-conferencing (becoming increasingly popular for economic reasons) was examined in one study to clarify its effectiveness with regards to performance efficiency. This was compared with face to face interaction. The only shortcoming found was that less positive impressions of others were formed in the video-conferencing situation.3 In light of these advances in electronic technologies, another study was designed to be a formal model for the examination of communication supp ort systems in the context organizational communication. The model was designed to account for communication phenomena in companies that vary in size, strategy, structure, and complexity;.4 These articles help show the direction of HCR in that they wish to create a better workplace environment as well as more efficiency within organizations in the communications area. Socrates oresteia EssayThe brief review of the articles shows that much of what the editors set out to accomplish was covered. The general direction of more theoretically based research and an expansion in research area perspectives will help generate more discussion and critical review. The journals intent of original research in communications remains the same. The prospect is on the improvement of communications in relevant situations and aspects of life (e.g. Workplace). A better grasp of human interaction will permit more efficient communications processes. The diversity of topics proposed by the editor does exist however; they failed to include studies concerning the youth of today (this may be due to the lack of research in this area). Possible areas of study could be the mass media affects on future perspectives and objectives or how the young people may shape the future of human communication. One other slight shortcoming was the inclusion of only three articles containing international research studies and only two cross-cultural studies. An increase in these, although difficult may be much more representative of the overall development of human communications. All other research studies were U.S. based. A review of later volumes may be the only way to know whether the senior editors intentions of accepting more international studies were actually met. These limitations are easily overcome and should be included as part of HCRs future goals. More importantly though, the relevance of the articles accepted exemplifies their dedication to keeping up with the ongoing changes in communication processes. There appears to be flexibility in the methodological approach taken by HCR. This is evident by the large proportion of articles containing new research areas or different direction. The inclusion of critical analysis and even a rejoinder (in the same issue) makes a statement about their openness to debate. Emphasis on theory-based articles may lead to different, untapped, areas of research, which should increase understanding potential. Many of the studies were multivariate (some with six hypotheses) which shows the broadness of research area. Most studies also had a large sample sizes indicating HCRs desire to be more representative of society as a whole and the findings more generalizable. Their approach is similar to McLuhans (reference to course kit) in a few ways.12 The challenging of the BAE which had been widely accepted for ten years may be an indication of their willingness to discard research that is not leading them in the right direction. Accepting studies such as the Fo rmal Model for the study of CSSs means that they are aware of the changing situations brought on by technology and are adapting to these with new approaches. Overall, Volume 22 of HCR was successful in attaining the goals outlines in the editorial. Their main focus of new research in order to develop a clearer view of communications in increasingly relevant situations outlines their purpose. The looseness in methodological approach is due to their belief in the delicateness and breadth of human communications research. Hopefully HCRs move outside of the U.S. will lead to more issues containing international research and cross-cultural studies. This might be beneficial to the understanding of human communications in which there are an increasing amount of global implications.

Ishell Robinson Essays (2144 words) - Social Constructionism, Race

Ishell Robinson Elizabeth Kim English 10:40 24 July 2015 Social Construction of Race When talking about race people tend to just explain it at the bare minimum. Race does not just have one specific meaning. Race can be interpreted in a significant amount of ways depending on multiple customs. In the article "Racial Formations," written by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, they elaborate on how society needs to break the barrier of stereotypes and defining people of one's race because race is always changing due to society always changing. In Caucasia Birdie and Cole are sisters that live two different lives due to their outward appearance. Omi and Winant believe that race is changing due to social concepts such as racial ideology, racial identity, and racialization. This idea is enforced in the novel Caucasia , written by Danzy Senna. The protagonist can relate to these social concepts that form the real meaning of race. Omi and Winant argue that racial ideology has a huge impact on race due to social construction. Racial Ideology is people's preconceived notion of race, their set of beliefs on race. Most beliefs are based on how one thinks a certain race should act or how one should look. As Omi and Winant puts it, "We also become disoriented when people do not act black,' Latino,' or indeed white.' The content of such stereotypes reveals a series of substantiated beliefs about who these groups are and what they' are like" (Omi and Winant 4). The authors are stating how people become confused or dumbfounded when one's preconceived notion of race does not match how that specific race behaves. Stereotypes take part of how people believe a certain group should behave or act. Most people's preconceived notions come from stereotypes in their societies. This connects to Omi and Winant's main argument that race is not just one specific thing because physically it is hard to tell which race one ma y be. Stereotypes are created based on one's society. Stereotypes will continue to change as society keeps changing. Historians themselves cannot describe race because race is not a biological concept. Race cannot be determined just simply by one's outer appearance. Just because someone is light skinned does not mean they are white. It is a possibility that that person might be mixed. There are multiple example of racial ideology demonstrated in the novel Caucasia . Birdie states, "It reminded me of an old black - and - white plantation movie my father had forced Cole and me to watch on Sunday afternoon. The slave characters in it had been played by white actors who wore some kind of pancake makeup on their faces. My father had laughed whenever they spoke in their strained dialect" (Senna 14). The white actors had pancake makeup on to be perceived as black slaves. The situation that reminded Birdie of this movie was Redbone's slang. She described it as being awkward and twisted. Birdie also mentioned that her father would laugh every time he heard the "strained dialect" the white slaves were talking in the movie. The "strained dialect" is an impersonation of how the white actors thought black people talked, but was not true. The white actors talked in a strained dialect because of their preconceived notion of how they thought black people talked an d also how one looked due to the pancake makeup. The white actors were not born knowing how black people talked. They came up with that analysis throughout time that many different social interactions influenced their preconceived notion. This goes back to what Omi and Winant say about film and television being notorious in disseminating images of racial minorities (Omi and Winant 5). Omi and Winant discuss racial identity in their article and makes many important points about it. Racial identity is a group of people identified as "other groups" because of their physically or genetic traits. The authors state, "Skin color differences' are thought to explain preconceived differences in intellectual, physical, and artistic temperaments, and to justify distinct treatment of racially identified individuals and groups" (Omi and Winant 4). People thought to think that skin color differences were the reason to different thoughts of a person's nature. The

Essay Examples on JFK Essay Example

Essay Examples on JFK Paper 1st Essay Sample on JFK John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States, the youngest person ever to be elected President, thefirst Roman Catholic and thefirst to be born in the 20th century.Kennedy was assassinated before he completed his third year as President, therefore his achievements were limited.Nevertheless, his influence was worldwide, and his handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis may have prevented the United States from entering into another world war.Kennedy was especially admired by the younger people and he was perhaps the most popular president in history.Kennedy expressed the values of 20th century America and his presidency had an importance beyond its political achievements.John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts where he was one of nine children.The Kennedy family was very wealthy and providedmeans for the Kennedy children to pursue whatever they chose and John F. Kennedy chose politics. John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1942 and as a new member Kennedy supported legislation that would serve the interests of his elements.Kennedy usually backed bills sponsored by his party but would sometimes show independence by voting with the Republicans.He also joined with the Republicans in criticizing the Truman administrations handling of China.In China, the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, which had been supported by the United States, was unable to withstand the advance of Communist forces under Mao Zedong.By the end of 1949 government troops had been overwhelmingly defeated, and Chiang led his forces into exile on Taiwan.The triumphant Mao formed the Peoples Republic of China.Trumans critics, including Kennedy, charged that the administration had failed to support Chiang Kai-shek againstthe Communists. Despite Kennedys wavering within his own party platform, John F. 2nd Essay Sample on JFK As a society, there are many examples of world history. One example would have to be the John Fitzgerald Kennedy assassination. For over thirty years, Americans were led to believe that a single gunman shot and killed John F. Kennedy. In this paper, I will dispute the facts that show a single gunman was involved and show a conspiracy must have taken place. According to the facts regarding the case of the John F. Kennedys assassination, a single gunman killed Kennedy. On November 22, 1963, at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time, Kennedy was riding in an open limousine through Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was shot in the head and neck by a sniper. He was then taken to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. Later, police arrested Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine, at a nearby theater. By the next morning, Oswald was charged with the murder of President John F. Kennedy. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on JFK specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on JFK specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on JFK specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Two days later, Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub owner, killed Oswald while he was being moved from the city to the county jail. The above story sounds as if this should have been an open-and-shut case. After all, according to the information stated above, Oswald must have killed Kennedy. However, one must take a deeper look into the facts surrounding this case. Many people who witnessed the murder of John F. Kennedy dispute the facts above, saying that they heard shots from other places besides the book depository. Among these were 2 other witnesses and Abraham Zapruder, who captured the entire assassination on an eight-millimeter movie camera. This movie, cleverly called the Zapruder Film, is the single best piece of visual evidence in this case. In order to more clearly understand the Zapruder Film, it is necessary to break it down into frames. The particular movie camera that Zapruder was using ran at eighteen and three-hundredths (18.3) frames per second.

Global Communications GAP Anlaysis

Global Communications GAP Anlaysis Free Online Research Papers Running head: GAP ANALYSIS: GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS Gap Analysis: Global Communications In this paper, I will discuss are the trials that Global Communication tackled, issues and opportunities, stakeholders perspective and ethical dilemmas, and a gap analysis of the business. The business should remain competitive, keep up with the everyday changes in the business worlds and technology, and reorganize the company. The Gap Analysis appraises the ethical dilemmas that have become proven to the reaction to the reorganization plan. Global Communications is a telecommunications business under pressure to be victorious in a competitive business setting. Situation Analysis Issue and Opportunity Identification Global Communications stockholders are alarmed that returns are down and upset that business will have a hard time recovering. Stocks had plunged by more than 40% in the past two years and are valued at only $12 per share now. The boost competition Global Communications faced had increased greatly over the years and is finding it difficult to keep up with the ever-changing business work. Global Communications needs to reorganize the business in order to continue to endure in the telecommunications needs to develop new services, find ways to cutting operating cost, and increase productivity. The top executives came up with an approach to rejuvenate the business. The first was to introduce new services such as video conferencing and satellite. The business also wanted to form a partnership with a wireless provider to provide 24-hour internet access using wireless telephones and internet cards. The other step as for the top executives to identify cutting procedures which would expand effectiveness to business, Global Communications plans to promote itself forcefully to another level to become an actual global company. Since labor cost were a concern for Global Communications, the business plans to move technical call centers to Ireland and India. This will allow Global Communications to reduce costs by 30%. Unfortunately, most employees will lose his or her job or have to relocate but with a 10% pay cut. The top people had a lack of communication that was not discussed with the union works and this caused problems with the workers’ union. Global Communications showed a lack of organizational commitment in their dealing with the union. â€Å"Organizational commitment reflects the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals.† (Kinicki Kreitner, 2003. p. 216). Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical Dilemmas Global Communications shareholders were concerned with the depreciation of stock by over 60% in the past three years. The business was experiencing pressures to reorganize and restructure to become successful in the telecommunications business. Global Communication employees and the workers’ union have devoted much into the company. To uphold long-term to increase the company, employees gave up 20% of their health and education benefits. Surrendering those benefits is clear that the employees and the union are alarm about business growth and strength of employment. The workers’ union does not approve the outsourcing of jobs as the union has given up much already in way of benefits to assist Global Communications to become a more efficient business. Global Communications top executives needed to decide which group of stakeholders has more stakes in the business. Although, this was important to implement the perfect plan then they could have determined the business financial struggles in a timely manner while acting in the business best interest along with being sensitive to those who were facing the possibility of losing their jobs. End-State Vision When Global Communications execute the reorganization plan to suggest fresh services and cut costs by contracting out, the company might actual become successful in the telecommunication business. Shareholders will have added confidence as stocks recapture value. Global Communications would be able to offer appealing benefits to the employees because of the plan that Global Communications implemented and offered more jobs that contract out. â€Å"Effective communication is vital to all organizations because it manages the employees’ needs t knowledge management, and improves decision making† (McShane Von Glinow, 2005, p. 324). Top executives communication with the workers’ union has improved and regular meetings has been established to better keep employees up to date on important issues that affect the employees. According to Kinick and Kreitner, ‘Face-to-face discussions for example, useful for communicating about sensitive or important issues and those required feedback and intensive interaction (Kinicki Kreitner, 2004, p. 13). Global Communications will continue to uphold their philosophy of, â€Å"Our Edge is People.† Top executives will make sure that Global Communications will stay up and design technology to keep them ahead of the game and stay in the telecommunications business. Gap Analysis In sequence for Global Communications to be victorious, top executives should perform new services and products need to be victorious, meet the requirements of their customers, and offer products and services that will be pleasing. This will help not only to maintain the customers of Global Communications which previously has and lower needless expenses to lower overhead. Global Communications should give severance packages for employees who get a pink slip and offer career counseling and training to assist employees in finding new jobs. Conclusion Finally, the success of Global Communications is dependent leading the completion of the most recent reorganization of the business. The telecommunications business changed Global Communication should stay on top of the continuing changes in the business world. Most companies contract out Global Communications choice to shift some of the call centers to Ireland and India should have been discussed with the entire board and the worker’s union. References Kreitner, Robert. Kinicki, Angelo. (2004). Organizational Behavior (3rd ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill/Irvin McShane, Steve L., Von Glinow, Mary Ann. (205). Organizational Behavior: Workplace Emotions and Attitudes. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies. Table 1 Issue and Opportunity Identification Issue Opportunity Reference to Specific Course Concept (Include citation) Concept USAuto’s negotiating team did not carefully identify AutoMex’s goals. USAuto’s goal was to reduce costs through utilizing AutoMex labor. AutoMex, by contrast, viewed USAuto as a source for developing its employees’ skill levels. USAuto’s negotiating team also approached entering the Mexican market similarly, unwilling to allow AutoMex access to the hybrid engine for AutoMex’s own production. Both of these distributive approaches create win-lose situations and can lead to conflict, as compared to the win-win situations created by integrative negotiations (Kinicki Kreitner, 2003, p. 504). USAuto can develop intelligence on potential business relations to understand better others’ goals in negotiation settings. â€Å"A distributive negotiation usually involves a single issue- a ‘fixed-pie’- in which one person gains at the expense of the other. For example, haggling over the price of a rug in a bazaar is a distributive negotiation,† (Kinicki Kreitner, 2003, p. 71). Distributive negotiations Global Communications stockholders are concerned that returns are down and worried that business will have a difficult time recovering. Stocks have plunged than 40% in the past two years and are valued at $12 per share now. Global Communications can explore business to compare and contrast where business surpass and require more help. Benchmarking illustrate the overall process by which a business surpass in performance as other businesses and learn how to get the same type of results.(Kinicki Kreitner, 2003, p .691). Benchmarking Global Communication failed to communicate its strategic plans with the Union to reduce cost and increase profitability by outsourcing its call centers to India and Ireland. Global Communication also continued with its strategic plans of globalization unwilling to negotiate with the Union. Global Communications can work closely with the Union on a plan that will create and keep as many jobs as possible while reducing cost and increasing profitability. Effective communication is vital to all organizations because it coordinates employees, fulfills employee needs, supports knowledge management, and improves decision making. (McShane Von Glinow, 2005, 324) Table 2 Stakeholder Perspectives Stakeholder Perspectives Stakeholder Groups The Interests, Rights, and Values of Each Group Shareholders Their interest is ownership in the business, making a profit while making certain the business is making a profit ethically Board of Directors Own stock in the business and keep and eye on the profits Employees They want to own stock as well, share interest profits of the business Table 3 End State Goals End-State Goals Global Communications strategy of reorganizing a design to offer an appealing service and cut cost by contracting outside. Global Communications give better benefits to the employees after the business bounced back, and make the job more appealing. Global Communications give severance packages for employees who have lost their jobs. Global Communications should make available career counseling, training this would help the employees to find a new or better job. Research Papers on Global Communications GAP AnlaysisTwilight of the UAWAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceOpen Architechture a white paperDefinition of Export QuotasRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Book review preliminary sheet(history) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Book review preliminary sheet(history) - Essay Example One of the issues that I may pursue in my discussion is how the media and the popular culture including sport and other stately pleasures have been used to construct the Canadian identity in order to develop a better understanding of the meaning of being a Canadian. In addition, I will also dry to look into what the popular symbols of Canadian identity have in common. In this regard, each of the five chapters will serve as a case study in itself. Finally, another possible area of focus in the book will be to discuss the different ways through which the State mixes into the everyday lives of the citizens. According to Patricia Cormack and Cosgrave, the absence of Tim Horton’s coffee from daily routines might make individuals not only unusual- but a popular brand in the country and also an overwhelmingly susceptible. Don Cherry’s muscular patriotism appears not to abide by CBC’s restlessness attempts to reduce all cultures to a list or a

Cost-Benefit Analysis of A Public Infrastructure Project Assignment

Cost-Benefit Analysis of A Public Infrastructure Project - Assignment Example Thus, to come up with a public infrastructure, several factors will be considered to look at both the advantage and causality in order to achieve the optimal benefit that is required. Public infrastructure is considered to be of good interest to the society if its final outcome benefits surpass the cost of implementing the total project. If the cost of implementing the infrastructure is more than the benefit the society is supposed to enjoy after its completion, then, the project is of no much benefit to the society. To realize the cost benefit of a public infrastructure, a cost benefit analyses is carried out to investigate the benefit the society is expected to achieve once the said infrastructure is completed. If the result shows that the project has a positive benefit, then, the infrastructure should be implemented. If the result on the other side reveals that the benefits of the project upon completion reflect negative benefit, then, the project should be dropped (Campbell and B rown, 15). 1.1Project description The public infrastructure that is illustrated under this paper is of power plant construction nature which is located in Middle East and North African region. This region has a high potential of solar and wind energy because it receives a lot of energy from sun in six hours than what a man consumes in one year and is home to top sites of wind potential. This project is expected to generate electricity by use of massive set up of solar and wind farms networks and connect the power to Europe through a Europe- Mediterranean electricity network. A high voltage direct current (HDVC) transmission cables will be used in the transmission of the power. The power plant will involve spreading of concentrating solar power systems, wind parks and photovoltaic systems in desert of North Africa in places like Sahara desert. This means that the power plant will produce energy that is renewable instead of use of fossil fuel that is not renewable. This project will p rovide a substantial demand of electricity in Middle East and Northern Africa region and a 15% of electricity need in Europe. Thus, due to the fact that this project is expected to benefit those three regions, it has being dubbed as EUMENA which means European Union, Middle East and Northern Africa. Investment under this public infrastructure is expected to cost up to 400 billion pounds by 2050. Under this project, Europe is expected to lead in fighting climate change and economies of the Northern African countries and Europe, grow due to green house gas emissions limitation. This project has the potential to satisfy 15 percent of the electricity demand in Europe and much needed electricity in Middle East and North Africa. 240,000 jobs in Germany are likely to be created if this project is implemented and generate electricity worth 2 trillion by 2050. Energy wastage is expected to be reduced under this project because it will enable transfer of energy from areas with surplus to area s it is needed. The grid will help in taking advantage of the large amounts of energy that is likely to be sourced from large scale sources of renewable energy that are remote. The construction of the transmission grid will reduce difference between actual generating capacity and the minimum

Lap report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Lap - Lab Report Example Explanation of Procedure: A meter stick was mounted at slightly greater than eye level, level to the ground. A plumb bob, actually a string with a nut tied to the end, hung at head level exactly 0.5 meters from the meter stick. This served as an observation post with easily converted and consistent measures. As the moon fully rose past the horizon, two index cards were â€Å"butted† to either edge of the moon and the indicated length was recorded. This procedure was repeated later. Data and Calculations: The chart results: time d (cm) D (cm) conversion ? 7:10 50 0.5 205265 2053 10:10 50 0.5 205265 2053 Where: d=50 cm as set by the experiment. D= the measure between the cards ?=the angle size of the moon in arc seconds calculated as =(D/d) x 205265 The diameter of the moon is calculated as: D= (205265 x 2053)/ 380000km d=3800 km The angular size of the moon by calculation is: 2053 arc seconds The estimated diameter of the moon is: 3800 km The angular size of the moon is consist ent throughout a one night period; however, the distance to the moon varies over time, so over years, the angular size changes Conclusions and Analysis: The method used produces a good approximation of the diameter of the moon.

Factors for Successful Behaviour Change Interventions

Factors for Successful Behaviour Change Interventions Critically assess the key elements that contribute to successful behaviour change interventions. The need for change Everyone wants a long and healthy life although some young people claim that they do not wish to be old. This is because of the negative connotations of old age. It is also a flippant opt-out of taking responsibility. The rationale behind a healthy style of living is unassailable. So why is it difficult to get people to change their ways? For many people, simply getting them to change at all is a major obstacle. As Niccolo Machiavelli observed more than 500 years ago,[1] â€Å"It must be considered that there is nothing more difficult to carry out, nor more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to handle, than to initiate a new order of things.† It is not only innate mule-like conservatism that hampers change. There are also positive attributes to the status quo. The tobacco industry has long attempted to portray smoking as cool, sophisticated and sexy. To the rational person, spending vast amounts of money to ruin your health and smell like an old ashtray cannot be cool, sophisticated or have any trace of sex appeal. Over many decades Hollywood has connived to portray smoking in a positive light and this does have at least a subliminal effect.[2] Simply giving people information about the risks of adverse lifestyles and the benefits of changing their ways is not enough. The relationship between smoking and lung cancer has been public knowledge since the report of the Royal College of Physicians on Smoking and Health in 1963 although the association was first suggested in 1950[3] and the association with other diseases in 1956.[4] There has to be a sustained approach with a solid theoretical background. Models for change The two theories that are most commonly employed in health promotion are the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and the Health Belief Model (HBM). Both are most commonly employed to produce changes in health promotion but the TTM model can be used to produces changes in other fields including industry. Both these models focus on the decision making process of the individual. Other models include the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). All four have been reviewed by NICE.[5] Transtheoretical Model The Transtheoretical Model was devised in the 1980s. It sees five stages of action. Stage 1 is the pre-contemplative stage. It is defined as having no intention to change in the next six months. To use smoking as an example, the person may not appreciate the true level of risk. They may be aware that there is adverse publicity about tobacco. Perhaps some people around them are giving up but they have not taken it seriously enough to think of doing so themselves. Any desire to change is still at a subconscious level. Stage 2 is the contemplative level. It is defined as intention to change in the next six months although it may take longer. The people involved are aware of the benefits of changing but they are also acutely aware of the challenges. They must decide the balance between costs and benefits. Stage 3 is the preparation phase. There is intention to take action in the near future and preparation is in hand. The people involved have already taken some significant steps to prepare for the change. Action is planned for the next month or so. With regard to smoking, they may have discussed it with other people. They may have sought out support groups and discussed prescription of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or bupropion. They may have set a date to quit. Stage 4 is action. The people involved have modified their thinking and behaviour. In this case, they have actually stopped smoking. Stage 5 is maintenance and focuses on sustaining the success. It is important to ascertain that the people involved do not relapse into the old behaviours and are confident of maintaining the new ones. They may focus on money saved, feeling healthier and enjoying food more. It is also necessary to address negative aspects such as possible weight gain. Health Belief Model The Health Belief Model is quite popular amongst healthcare professionals. It was developed in the 1950s in the USA to examine why there was a low uptake of a screening programme for tuberculosis. There are five steps: The first is perceived susceptibility. It relates to an individual’s feeling of how likely he is to suffer from a condition. It may run in the family or affect a friend. Many people seem to regard themselves as immune to certain illnesses. We all know the smoker who refuses to give up because he knows someone who smoked all of his life without any overt problem. Perceived seriousness is the next step. This is similar to susceptibility. Does the patient see lung cancer as curable? Does he see other smoking related diseases as manageable? The third step is perceived benefits and barriers. Patients weigh up the benefits against the costs of taking action. This means implication rather than financial costs. Fear of being excluded from his group of smoking friends may be a barrier. Uptake of cervical smears may be impaired by potential embarrassment. Self efficacy is step four. It is sometimes called health motivation. It describes how a person sees the ability to change behaviour. If a person thinks that he is unable to stop smoking this is a barrier. The fifth stage is cues to action. This is the trigger that initiates change. It may be an intervention from a health professional, an illness or a life event such as a new baby. Becoming pregnant can be a strong cue for women. Curtailing smoking Smoking cessation is a particularly relevant area to analyse. Smoking is the greatest avoidable contributor to ill health and premature death. Everyone knows of the dangers although perhaps they choose to underestimate them. Even young people still take up the habit. A Cochrane review found limited support for the effectiveness of multi-component interventions in the community to help prevent the uptake of smoking in young people.[6] Smoking tends to be most prevalent in deprived communities. A NICE public health guidance called â€Å"Identifying and supporting people most at risk of dying prematurely† focused mainly on smoking cessation and the provision of statins as being cost effective and clinically effective.[7] Both NICE[8] and CKS[9] have extensively reviewed the evidence and made recommendations with regard to smoking cessation. There are also plenty of Cochrane reviews.[10] NICE regards those of lower social class and pregnant women as a priority. Before the dangers of smoking were publicly known there was no difference in smoking habits between social classes. Now there is a distinct gradient[11] and it is said that smoking accounts for a significant amount of the decreased health and increased mortality through the social classes.[12] This is known as health inequalities. Key elements in changing behavior The first element of change has to be to implant in the individual’s mind that there is a need for change. With regard to smoking this may come in many ways. Public health messages often preach the wisdom of quitting. Health issues are raised whenever tax is increased and the price of cigarettes rises. This does reduce consumption.[13] Possibly milestones in life such as a 40th or 50th birthday may spur consideration of one’s health. Pregnancy is often a strong incentive to quit and both partners should do so to allow the baby a smoke free home. A Cochrane review was unimpressed at the evidence that getting both of a couple to quit together increased the success rate.[14] However, lack of evidence of efficacy and evidence of lack of efficacy are not the same and it does seem a good idea. The matter may arise during a consultation with a health professional. This may be when reviewing a directly relevant disease such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, ast hma or COPD or it may simply be brought up as it comes to light on the health promotion template. It has been shown that if GPs simply raise the issue during a consultation this can have an effect.[15] NICE suggests that people who are not ready to quit should be asked to consider it and to seek help in the future. Some people fail to understand the concept of risk. They need it explained in terms that they can understand. There is no certainty that a smoker will die of a disease related to his habit nor that a non-smoker will have a long and healthy life. It is useful to have some simple figures. About 1 in 5 non-smokers die before 65 years old compared with 2 in 5 smokers. Half of all smokers die of a smoking related disease. If you do the National Lottery in the hope of winning the jackpot the chance of doing so is 1 in 14 million. For young people who cannot imagine being as old as 30, a different approach is needed. Smoking accelerates the aging process in arteries, in the lungs, in bones and in the skin. For those who fear old age, they are bringing it on. Money, fitness and smelling fresh are also positive attributes. Nicotine is highly addictive.[16] There are other components to the urge. There is the ritual of lighting up and something to do with the hands as well as the image. All these must be addressed to help the individual to cope. Many people find it helpful to set a date to quit. This allows for some counselling before the event and for such matters as NRT or bupropion to be discussed.[17] The forum in which this is done may well be a smoking cessation clinic within primary care. It is usually nurse led. There may be one-to-one counselling but groups may also be helpful.[18] The members give each other mutual support and tips for how to cope. Having brought the person to the point of quitting it is important to give support through the potentially difficult time ahead. In the early days motivation is high. This must be sustained. Congratulate the person on the achievement. Make him feel good about himself. Reinforce the positive aspects of quitting. Some people collect the money that they would have spent on tobacco each day and put it towards their holiday. NRT can give a slow release background level of nicotine in the blood to help ameliorate withdrawal. It is very important that the individual does not smoke. Inhalation of nicotine gives a rapid surge and this surge contributes greatly to the addictive mechanism. Some people test that their patients have been abstinent by using a carbon monoxide meter.[19] Carbon monoxide is present in tobacco smoke and it binds to haemoglobin with 210 times the affinity of oxygen. Therefore, carbon monoxide is released slowly for a while after smoking. At what stage has a person successfully quit? Is it after a week, a month or 6 months? There is a joke that goes, â€Å"Giving up smoking is easy. I’ve done it many times.† This emphasises the great problem of recidivism. It is a problem with smoking, alcohol and drug abuse. Those who counsel drug addicts and alcoholics continue for a long time after abstention to ascertain that it continues. Alcoholics Anonymous will invite people to their meetings even years after they last had a drink. They know how precarious the position is. People who stopped smoking may restart 6 months, a year or even a couple of years after they quit. It is often said that ex-smokers are the most intolerant of the smell of tobacco smoke and this is good. People may choose to start again in times of stress or crisis. A typical scenario is when out drinking. Smokers often try to undermine those who have successfully quit. Perhaps they emphasise their own inadequacy. â€Å"Go on. Just have one. It will do you good!† are the sort of thing that alleged friends say. In the words of Alcoholics Anonymous, â€Å"One is too many and 100 is not enough.† One night out drinking can lead to complete reversion. This is less likely to happen now that smoking in pubs and bars is illegal but it is still a risk and should be discussed in counselling. Forewarned is forearmed. Reflection on learning in health promotion It is easy enough to read and learn the theories of health promotion but putting them into practice is another matter. There will always be surprises and there will always be areas to learn. No isolated incident comes to mind but there are a number of issues that have emerged with accumulated experience. Any reasonable person will look at the health issues involved and will conclude that the healthy way of life is the logical option. This applies particularly to not smoking. However, not everyone is reasonable and this includes highly educated people. Matters that are not much emphasised in health promotion advice and the literature are peer pressure and denial. It used to be said that the prevalence of smoking was higher amongst nurses at the completion of their training than at the start although the true incidence of smoking amongst nurses is uncertain.[20] There is no doubt that peer pressure within a school of nursing is high. Stress is also given as a reason for smoking.[21] However, stress is a subjective experience and it may be used as an excuse to conform to peer pressure. Practice what you preach is a common proverb. An obese healthcare professional who advises weight loss or one who advises cessation of smoking whilst be known to indulge personally, lacks credibility. However, the â€Å"sinner† is also less likely to attempt health promotion.[22] Nurses who smoke are less likely to believe the compelling arguments about the dangers of smoking.[23] This is unlikely to represent an objective scepticism about the evidence but simply denial. If all this applies to nurses, it is unsurprising to find that it is at least as true when dealing with patients. People have to be ready to change. The mere noting of the fact that a patient smokes and the raising of eyebrows is another cue for it to sink in. There is no point in trying to pressurise the person who is not yet ready but leave an invitation to return when the time is right. What makes a person believe? It is not the level of evidence. People will find all sorts of excuses to doubt the overwhelming evidence about smoking or to pretend that it does not apply to them. On the other hand it seems much easier to convince people that the MMR vaccine causes autism when there is not a shred of evidence to support the allegation.[24] The convenience of a belief is important. We must lead by example. The â€Å"sinner† as a â€Å"preacher† is unconvincing although the reformed â€Å"sinner† may be more credible. It is important not to appear as sanctimonious with a â€Å"holier than thou† attitude. We need to show empathy with those we try to help. This applies not just to the physical addiction to nicotine but to the demands of peer pressure. The latter is especially important for young people. It is very easy for the non-smoker to see only negative images of smoking. Ask the patient to make a list of all the good things about smoking and all the bad things about it. A similar technique is used when counselling drug abusers. There must be something positive about taking drugs or no one would do it. Similarly, there are positive aspects to smoking. This shows that there is empathy towards the positive aspects. It also allows the patient to see the balance and to believe that he is making his own decision. He is not being coerced or bullied. It is also important to be realistic about the negative attributes of smoking cessation. Honesty gives credibility. It is often not so much the nicotine addiction that is a problem. This wanes with time. It is the gain in weight.[25] Weight gain is much more visible than damage to lungs or arteries. Many teenage girls say that they smoke to aid weight control. In fact, starting to smoke as a teenager probably does not help at all whilst the later in life that smoking is stopped the more marked weight gain is likely to be. Exercise rather than smoking is much healthier and much more effective. Nicotine has a nauseating effect and so when it is withdrawn there is likely to be increased appetite. Food now tastes better and some people suck sweets to occupy their mouth. It is important to discuss the matter. Weight gain is bad for health but unless the gain is enormous the benefit of smoking cessation will greatly outweigh the dangers of weight gain. If the patient decides to start smoki ng again the result will be a fat smoker. The weight will not melt away. Health promotion is a very personal matter. It requires a relationship on a one-to-one basis. It requires trust and respect. The health promoter must be seen as an honest broker rather than an evangelist. This requires empathy and it requires respect of the patient too. It is an important and difficult decision and he needs help and support. 1 [1] Niccolo Machiavelli. The Prince. 1532. Translator: W. K. Marriott http://www.sonshi.com/machiavelli.html [2] Tickle JJ, Sargent JD, Dalton MA, Beach ML, Heatherton TF. Favourite movie stars, their tobacco use in contemporary movies, and its association with adolescent smoking. Tob Control. 2001 Mar;10(1):16-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11226355 [3] Doll R, Hill AB. Smoking and carcinoma of the lung; preliminary report. Br Med J. 1950 Sep 30;2(4682):739-48. [4] Doll R, Hill AB. Lung cancer and other causes of death in relation to smoking; a second report on the mortality of British doctors. Br Med J. 1956 Nov 10;2(5001):1071-81. [5] Behaviour change: Taylor et al models review. NICE 2006. http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/Behaviour_Change-Taylor_et_al-models_review_tables_appendices.pdf [6] Sowden A, Stead L. Community interventions for preventing smoking in young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD001291. http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab001291.html [7] NICE. PH15 Identifying and supporting people most at risk of dying prematurely: guidance. September 2008. http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/PH015Guidance.pdf [8] NICE. Smoking cessation. March 2006 http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/index.jsp?action=byIDo=11375 [9] CKS Library. Smoking cessation. 2007. http://www.cks.library.nhs.uk/smoking_cessation [10] Cochrane Collaboration. http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/index.htm [11] Jefferis BJ, Power C, Graham H, Manor O. Changing social gradients in cigarette smoking and cessation over two decades of adult follow-up in a British birth cohort. J Public Health (Oxf). 2004 Mar;26(1):13-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044567 [12] Jha P, Peto R, Zatonski W, Boreham J, Jarvis MJ, Lopez AD. Social inequalities in male mortality, and in male mortality from smoking: indirect estimation from national death rates in England and Wales, Poland, and North America. Lancet. 2006 Jul 29;368(9533):367-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11226355 [13] Leverett M, Ashe M, Gerard S, Jenson J, Woollery T. Tobacco use: the impact of prices. J Law Med Ethics. 2002 Fall;30(3 Suppl):88-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12508509 [14] Park E-W, Schultz JK, Tudiver F, Campbell T, Becker L. Enhancing partner support to improve smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD002928. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002928.pub2. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD002928/frame.html [15] Smoking cessation guidelines for health professionals: an update. Health Education Authority. West R, McNeill A, Raw M. Thorax. 2000 Dec;55(12):987-99. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmedpubmedid=11083883 [16] Russell MA. The nicotine addiction trap: a 40-year sentence for four cigarettes. Br J Addict. 1990 Feb;85(2):293-300. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2180512 [17] Guidance on the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and bupropion for smoking cessation. NICE technology appraisal no. 39 (2002). www.nice.org.uk/TA039 [18] Stead LF, Lancaster T. Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001007. http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab001007.html [19] Middleton ET, Morice AH. Breath carbon monoxide as an indication of smoking habit. Chest. 2000 Mar;117(3):758-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10713003 [20] The incidence of smoking amongst nurses: a review of the literature. Rowe K, Clark JM. J Adv Nurs. 2000 May;31(5):1046-53. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10840237 [21] Rowe K, Macleod Clark J. Why nurses smoke: a review of the literature. Int J Nurs Stud. 2000 Apr;37(2):173-81 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10684959 [22] McKenna H, Slater P, McCance T, Bunting B, Spiers A, McElwee G. Qualified nurses smoking prevalence: their reasons for smoking and desire to quit. J Adv Nurs..2001 Sep;35(5):769-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11529979 [23] The effect of training on knowledge and opinion about smoking amongst nurses and student teachers. Elkind AK. J Adv Nurs. 1988 Jan;13(1):57-69. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3372886 [24] Bandolier Extra. MMR vaccination and autism. http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/Extraforbando/MMRextra.pdf [25] Filozof C, Fernà ¡ndez Pinilla MC, Fernà ¡ndez-Cruz A. Smoking cessation and weight gain. Obes Rev. 2004 May;5(2):95-103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15086863

The Heroism of Dying for Ones Country in Poetry Essay -- William Shak

The Heroism of Dying for One's Country in Poetry The Volunteer is a Pro-War poem written by Herbert Asquith. Asquith uses roman imagery to invoke a feeling of greatness and honour. Asquith begins his poem by describing the miserable, mundane life of a clerk, working in a 'city grey'. He opens with the words 'Here lies' that are normally used to begin writing on a gravestone. This 'epitaph' - style opening gives the idea that the clerk has now passed away and the poem will concentrate on events beforehand. We are told the clerk has spent 'half his life' doing boring work ('..Toiling at ledgers..'), his days drifting away. There is a distinct lack of fulfilment in his life, '..With no lance broken in life's tournament' ('Lance' is roman imagery) And yet he dreams of '..The gleaming eagles of the legions..' and horsemen '..thundering past beneath the oriflamme..' (or battle flag.) Asquith cleverly uses the expression '..The gleaming eagles of the legions..' to conjure up ideas in the reader's mind of great gleaming roman soldiers. This adds to the ideology that war is a glamorous and noble thing. In his second stanza, Asquith tells us that '..those waiting dreams are satisfied..' Obviously, the clerk has joined the army. He talks of '..waiting dreams..' giving the impression that the clerk has dreamt of this for a very long time. He goes on to say '..From twilight to the halls of dawn he went..' I think what he means is that the clerk has gone from his dull city to a new, brighter beginning. And although he died he is happy. '..His lance is broken but he lies content..' Because in that 'high hour in which he lived and died' he achieved something he had dreamt of forever. Asquith also mentions that the ... ...er uses images of death and an epitaph style opening to convey the message of a valiant death. I don't think that making the reader think of death will inspire him or her to fight for their country at all. Dulce est Decorum Est is the most effective poem of the three. It's usage of vivid and horrific imagery could make any patriotic citizen think again before going to war. The structure of the poem is extremely well thought out because it begins to get extremely shocking in the final stanza, almost certainly making the reader sway away from the honourable image he or she had of war before reading. It then finishes with labelling Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori a lie. This is intelligent because the reader is at his most easily influenced after reading the horrific description in the final stanza and therefore is more likely to agree with this point.

Maid: the Great Gatsby Essay

â€Å"Things gained through unjust fraud are never secure.† -Sophocles. Up to chapter 5 of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, there are recurring rumors about Gatsby’s background including that he had killed a man, is of German descent, and is a bootlegger. These rumors portray Gatsby as a man other than himself, but whether this is true is still uncertain. However, Nick’s keen awareness of Gatsby’s servants raises suspicion and allows readers to attain evidence that reveals Gatsby’s true identity. The maid, seen by Nick and portrayed through her actions, undermines Gatsby’s status and reveals his identity as phony. In chapter V, narrator Nick observes Gatsby’s house, but it is clear from Nick’s observations that something is not right; everything seems artificial and inconclusive. Nick notes that a brewer had built Gatsby’s mansion, and Gatsby tried to â€Å"pay five years’ taxes on all the neighboring cottages if the owners would have their roofs thatched† (88) so that it would complement Gatsby’s house. It is important to emphasize that Gatsby had specifically paid for the neighbor’s taxes in order to improve the looks of his house. This ostentatious action was done for reason: to attract Daisy. Nick also concludes that Americans have always been obstinate about being peasantry. At this point, he observes: â€Å"A maid began opening the upper windows of his house, appeared momentarily in each, and, leaning from a large central bay, spat meditatively into the garden.† (88) Nick sees the maid â€Å"spit into the garden† as if she di srespects Gatsby. It is important to note that the maid spat â€Å"meditatively† meaning that it was done with intention and with great thought. There was no reason for her to spit, nor was spitting a common action back in the 1920’s, but her intentions were hidden. While she â€Å"spat† in Gatsby’s garden, one of his valuable properties, her action was actually directed towards Gatsby himself. From this, it can be inferred that she disrespected him and despised him for his wealth, upper class, and fame. While Gatsby exploited his wealth, intending to impress Daisy, the maid, completely oblivious about Gatsby’s goal, could also have despised him for his pretentious attitude. Maids were usually part of the lower class, and it raises suspicion about why Gatsby would hire such a person. More importantly, it raises the question as to how she knows a lot about Gatsby and why she would hate Gatsby for his wealth. Her decision serves as a juxtaposition; Gatsby and the maid share similar qualities. Perhaps Gatsby’s background does not match the image that he portrays. It raises suspicion that Gatsby might be from the lower class as well and lives his current life as a fraud. Fitzgerald puts the maid here in this chapter to insinuate something about Gatsby’s background. Nick’s keen observations and suspicious judgment gives the readers an opportunity to make connections. Ultimately, it is the connection that Gatsby and the maid were both raised in the lower class. Perhaps Gatsby was a bootlegger, and his ways of promoting himself into the upper class led to the maid’s actions;, it was her reaction in contempt that spoils the true identity of the great Gatsby.

Beverly Buchanan and Frank Lloyd Wright

Beverly Buchanan and Frank Lloyd Wright The film called Magnificent Obsession: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Building and Legacy in Japan examines the experiences of Frank Lloyd Wright in Japan as well as his impact on Japanese architecture (Severns and Mori n. p.). While exploring the greatest monuments in Japan, such as a school, an embassy, and hotels, the documentary introduces viewers into the marvelous architect’s genius and his obsession with Japanese culture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Beverly Buchanan and Frank Lloyd Wright specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The great architect was devoted to Japanese culture and draw aesthetic inspiration from buildings. In addition, the film discloses Wright’s great interest in the vernacular of shrines, temples and homes. Viewing these conventional structures, the artist found the validation of the organic design principles that have been developed by Wright for almost a decade. In contrast to Wr ight’s functional architecture, Buchanan’s vision on the scope of architecture is more associated with utility. The video begins with the analysis of Japanese culture within an 1890-2004 period. While carefully investigating a hundred-years experience, the author tried to inherit the main elements of Japan architecture. However, Wright still provides his insights into this vernacular architecture. Being involved in the ethnic and cultural tendencies of building, Wright pays attention to functional elements of architecture and attempts to create a multifunctional space where all parts of a construction are united in one whole. Judging from the video depicting Wright’s greatest masterpieces, the architect tries to strike the balance between rendering the essence of architecture through aesthetic implications and its utility. At the same time, he denied some important functional elements like door, believing that they cannot be regarded as an inherent component of a construction. Wright’s vision of architecture rigidly juxtaposes the one presented by Beverly Buchanan, a famous African American artist. Although she also depicts vernacular architecture in African, the buildings painted and sculptured in her work are more reminiscent of utilitarian tendencies. However, the true functionalism of Buchanan’s architecture does not deprive her sculpture of their aesthetics and ethnic elements. Apparently, the functionalism itself is a part of African culture comparing to those presented in Japan where the priority is given to refined forms and space allusions.Advertising Looking for essay on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, one cannot consider the artist works less aesthetic and sculptural. From theoretical point of view, the practice of â€Å"aesthetics† as presented by both great artists is aimed at improving appearance. In this regard, both Wright’s and Buchanan’s works disclose the historic value of art and aesthetics of sculpture (Sayre 78). Hence, depending on the role a particular work plays, the sculpture should be, first of all, accepted by the audience that can evaluate its actual value. In conclusion, a deep analysis of Buchanan’s sculptures and painting, and Wright’s architecture reveals new dimensions and goals pursued by the art. In particular, it puts forward the idea that the construction of a three-dimensional space involves the architect’s intention to combine physical characteristics, technological advances, and decorative elements. In this regard, Wright’s works are more impacted by the Japanese vernacular art where the priority was given to rendering aesthetics, but not utility. In contrast, Buchanan works are more oriented on utilitarian architectural tendencies. One way of another, both artistic movements are directed at demonstration the historical an d cultural heritage of a particular civilization. In this regard, though the artist’s works are deprived of decorative elements, they still preserve an aesthetic value. Magnificent Obsession: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Buildings and Legacy in Japan. Dir. Karen Severns and Koichi Mori. Perf. Donald Richie (voice), Kismet Productions, 2005. Sayre, Henry M. A Word of Art. US: Pearson Education, 2009. Print.

Essay on Exam Experiment and Eucalyptus Oil

Essay on Exam Experiment and Eucalyptus Oil Essay on Exam: Experiment and Eucalyptus Oil Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to prepare the Diels-Alder adduct of the unknown conjugated diene in â€Å"eucalyptus oil†, separate the adduct, and identify the unknown diene from the melting point of its adduct Experimental Method Measure 10ml of anhydrous diethyl ether, and 5g eucalyptus oil, 3.61g powdered maleic anhydrous. Then mixed them together, the color turn a neon yellow. Reflux on the steam bath water for 45 minutes with aluminum foil covered the round bottom flask. Transfer the mixture into a small Erlenmerer flask when it warms. Cover the flask with watch glass and let it cool down to room temperature. The mixture of white and yellow crystal was formed when it reached room temperature. The crystals were isolated by vacuum filtration and washed with cold low boiling petroleum ether. The crude crystal were purified by dissolving the adduct in dry methanol and allowing the adduct to recrystallize. The mass of product was 5.56g and the melting point was range from 98-100.5C Discussion / Conclusion He melting point The purpose of this experiment was to prepare the Diels-Alder adduct of the unknown conjugated diene in â€Å"eucalyptus oil†, separate the adduct, and identify the unknown diene from the melting point of its adductof the adduct proved that the diene in the eucalyptus oil was phellandrene For the Introduction: State the nature of the project and the approach to answering the question. For the Experimental section: Give a brief summary in your own words of the procedure, weaving in your observations/results, in as clear and concise a manner as possible. Include masses and millimoles for reactants and products, solvent volumes, etc., with values in parentheses after the substance name. Do not copy an experimental procedure from a book or give a blow by blow restatement of your notebook. Include any data from physical or chemical characterizations done on your end product. Data should be inserted in the Experiemtal where it was collected. Data includes MP, BP, IR, NMR, GC data, etc. % yield or % recovery should be included at each point you were measured material mass. This section should reflect your attached notebook pages. I don’t care if the notebook pages are messy (poorly written, mark throughs, spills, etc.). Notebooks are not to be rewritten, polished, or â€Å"prettied up.† They should accurately reflect the work performed as it is performed, a â€Å"real time† narrative. Remember, notebooks are considered admissible evidence in patent disputes in courts of law. A messy book is more believable than one that looks â€Å"copied.† For the Discussion / Conclusion section: Give a brief summary of your findings. Include an analysis from comparing your product characterization data to literature values. Did you get the product expected? In good yield? Why or why not? Suggestions for improvements? Follow on work? Wrap your experiment into a cool little package here. Well written, clear conclusion. Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to prepare the Diels-Alder adduct of the unknown conjugated diene in â€Å"eucalyptus oil†, separate the adduct, and identify the unknown diene from the melting point of its adduct Experimental Method Measure 10ml of anhydrous diethyl ether, and 5g eucalyptus oil, 3.61g powdered maleic anhydrous. Then mixed them together, the color turn a neon yellow. Reflux on the steam bath water for 45 minutes with aluminum foil covered the round bottom flask. Transfer the mixture into a small Erlenmerer flask when it warms. Cover the flask with watch glass and let it cool down to room temperature. The mixture of white and yellow crystal was formed when it reached room temperature. The crystals were isolated by vacuum filtration and washed with cold low boiling petroleum ether. The crude crystal were purified by dissolving the adduct in dry

None Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

None - Essay Example The capital structure of a company will give a companys debt-to-equity ratio. The ratio gives the insights of how the company levels of risk are. A company that is more profoundly financed by debts has greater risks because the company is comparatively highly levered. When taking debts companies should be cautious to make sure that their financial management is sound (Bierman, 2003). The capital structure of a corporation is the backbone of the operations of a particular company. Competent staffs need to be hired to ensure that viable financial decisions are made at all times. Companies should make substantial equity investments to sustain its financial operations at all times. Capital structure is mostly divided into equity capital and debt capital (Bierman, 2003). Equity capital refers to the money that is owned by the shareholders. Equity capital will comprise of contributed capital that is the money invested by the shareholders in exchange for stock of shares ownership. Shareholders will put this cash in a particular company to get a stake and be earning dividends at certain future dates. Equity capital also comprises of retained earnings that is made up of profits that was realized in the past years and have been kept by the firm to strengthen the fund growth or balance sheet, expand the business or use for acquisitions. Most people believe that equity capital is the most expensive type of financing a company because it depends whole on the returns that a company must make to attract investors. Investors will always invest their wealth with the companies that thrive well in the industry. A company that doesnt perform well in the market is not able to finance its operations from the equity capital (Bierman, 2003). The debt capital of a company refers to borrowed money that is at work in the business operations. The most preferred debt capital is the long-term bonds because it

Preventing the spread of clostridium difficilel (C.diff) through Dissertation

Preventing the spread of clostridium difficilel (C.diff) through Systems Change - Dissertation Example difficile infection, as the individual with Clostridium infection liberates enormous spores in the hospital environment, which persist in the dormant stage till they procure another individual. It is evident that standard disinfectants are not sufficient to combat infectious agents, thereby enhancing the diffusion of Cl. difficile. It is therefore essential to isolate the patient and perform necessary actions to prevent further spread to other individuals present in the hospital. It is essential to adopt the antibiotic for treatment to prevent CDAD (Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea). The present article highlights the proof-based directives to minimize the spread of Cl. difficile, encompassing well-timed diagnosis or CDAD, close watch of cases with CDAD, education to the staff, hygiene, clothes, highly effective sterilization process for medical equipments, cleaning the environment, efficient antibiotic stewardship. Background Numerous guidelines have been made available to minimize the risk of such infections. It is observed that control measures play an imperative role in controlling nosocomial infections. ... may persevere in the environment for months to years and display enormous resistance for various disinfectants (Barbut, 1993; Johnson, 1990; Teare, 1998). Clinical Presentation & Diagnosis Chief virulence factors encompass Enterotoxin A and Cytotoxin B of Clostridium difficile (Kuijper, 2006). Most of the strains of Cl. difficile generate these toxins, causing diarrhoea or pseudo-membranous colitis or may result in toxic megacolon and bowel perforation in some patients (Miller, 2002). The mortality rate is 25-30% (Pepin, 2005). Clostridium difficile toxins are assessed with the help of cytotoxicity assay or by ELISA, or culture technique under anaerobic conditions or PCR based assays through stool examination (Van Den Berg, 2007). Materials and Methods Data was procured from PubMed with the search terms as: 'difficile', 'nosocomial', 'outbreak', 'transmission', 'control', 'environment' and 'prevention'. Data was then evaluated to formulate the guidelines for the prevention of Clostri dium difficile. Findings In majority of the cases it is observed that spread of spores and hence the pathogen occurs by means of "contact" as the staff serves as a carrier of spores and hence the spores travel from patient-to-patient along with the staff, or they infect individuals through the contaminated environment (Vonberg, 2008). Discussion Restricted use of antibiotics particularly cephalosporin, group of antibiotics and appropriate formulation of methodologies to avert medical device-related contamination or any kind of cross-infection paves the way for the prevention of nosocomial spread of resistant species of microorganisms especially Clostridium difficile. It is essential to isolate the patient with infection from resistant microorganisms. Preemptive segregation of all cases

Campus Safety long proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Campus Safety long - Research Proposal Example These statistics so eloquently illustrate a grim situation, where students are not safe inside the campus and this predicament is especially threatening to female students. During earlier days, college campuses have been perceived as â€Å"ivory towers† where students received immunity from the evils of the outside world but since the 1980s the â€Å"image began to change† (Fernandez and Lizotte 29). However, over the course of time, this notion has changed due to the trend of increasing crimes within the campus. Obviously, the reason for economic crimes is poverty and people from the locality of a campus commit such crimes on the students for financial gains. Hate crimes, discrimination and behaviors such as binge drinking, which is strongly associated with â€Å"sexual assaults,† are the causes of violent crimes within the campus (Crime on Campus 97). Similarly, the lack of proper systems to monitor security within campus such as security cameras, alarms etc as well as the presence of antisocial elements in the proximity of the campus can also encourage crimes. The administration and faculty in our campus are aware of the situation but, due to financial constraints they have not been able to implement adequate measures for effectively providing full security within the campus. Thus, securing campus perimeters, installing â€Å"physical access control mechanisms† including interior locks for classrooms and controlled access locks for dormitories etc are some of the traditional means of security in the campuses (Securing Our Future 8). On the other hand, recent trends in security measures suggest the use of technology in securing the campus by installing devices such as â€Å"surveillance cameras† and alarm systems or assigning the responsibility to private security agencies (8). However, these measures involve higher rates of investment and most of the campuses do not have adequate funding to support such endeavors. The Cost of Installing Adequate Security in Campuses and the Benefits: While sophisticated â€Å"Physical Security Solutions† are available in the market, college authorities often become constrained to use them due to the cost factor (Campus Safety 5). Details of security systems are attached as Annexure-I. Evidence suggests that the cost for installing an integrated security can be anywhere from US $ 1,868,116 to 2,464,693 for a â€Å"145,313 square-foot building† (Creating Safe Campuses 10). Estimates further indicate that the cost of campus security at major colleges or universities averages to â€Å"$ 1.2 million to 2 million per year† (Fickes par.6). Reputed brands such as Samsung, PolarizUSA, Logitech Alert, Panasonic etc are the leading market players in this segment and they can supply bulk as well as individual, customized security solutions. The following measures are, however, suggested for implementation as they can fetch the benefits listed against them: Se curity Cameras: A standard video surveillance camera, which can be connected to the â€Å"security gate over its own fiber-optic link† costs about US $ 8,000 per piece (University Cost- 1). This measure, however, can provide proper security within the campus as anybody making a wrong move will be caught on the tape and will be held accountable for further prosecution. This will create fear

Biography of Kate Chopin Essay Example for Free

Biography of Kate Chopin Essay Kate Chopin was an American author of short stories and novels. Considered as one of the earliest feminist authors of the 20th century, she was one of the most-celebrated female writers of her time. She wrote several short stories including The Story of an Hour (1894), Euphrase (1850), Mrs. Mobrys Reason (1891), A Shameful Affair (1893), and many others. Her literature usually described her own life, reflecting the time she lived in and the life she led. When readers look into her literature, they do not only read what is on the text but also try to understand the context. When you look through her fiction, you might notice that the contexts include the life of the author, the time it was written and the social condition during the time it was set, among others. One of her short stories, The Story of an Hour, depicts a woman’s reactions to the news of her husband’s death, upon reading which I found connections between her life and the life of the main character of the short story. Background and early life After Kate Chopin’s father was killed in a train accident, she moved into a household of women in St. Louis. As a girl she was mentored mainly by women her mother, her grandmother, and her great grandmother. She also had deep bonds with her family members, the sisters who taught her at school, and with her life-long friend Kitty Garasche. A lot of the fiction Kate wrote was hugely influenced by the women she grew up with, especially regarding her views about feminism, and women. In 1870, at the age of 20, she settled in New Orleans. Oscar, her husband, bought a general store in Cloutierville, but in 1882 he died of malaria and left Kate with $12,000 in debt (approximately $229,360 in 2005 dollars). Kate Chopin was widowed at 32. She attempted to run the plantation and store alone but with no success. Two years later, she sold her Louisiana business. Her mother wanted her to move back to St. Louis. The following year, her mother died. After the loss of both her husband and the mother, Kate Chopin found herself drifting into the realms of depression. Her doctor felt that writing would be a good way for her to heal this developing depression. Her doctor understood that writing could serve as a focus for her energy as well as a source of income. She thus indulged herself and became successful, and found many of her work getting published. However, some of her writings were far too ahead of their times and she faced lack of acceptance for almost 12 years. Literary works with examples Kate Chopin commented on the importance of describing human existence in its subtle, complex, true meaning, stripped of the veil with which ethical and conventional standards have draped it† (1894). An interview on the PBS website for Kate Chopin says, I think she was much more interested in the excitement, the civilization that came in her circle of intellectual friends. That was freedom, the freedom to explore ideas† (PBS, 1999). Kate was neither a feminist nor a suffragist, she said so. She was nonetheless a woman who took women extremely seriously. She never doubted the womans ability to be strong. She came from a long line of strong women whom she loved and respected, owing to the affiliation with her great-grandmother, grandmother, and mother. She had strong intellectual women friends. Her lack of interest in feminism and suffrage did not have anything to do with a lack of confidence in women, nor did it have a lot to do with a lack of desire for freedom. She simply had a different understanding of freedom. She saw freedom as much more a matter of spirit, soul, and character than anything else, of living your life within the constraints that the world makes [or] your God offers you, because all of us do live within constraints. There is no indication that â€Å"she regretted her marriage, or regretted being a mother† (PBS, 1999). Early 1970s was the period thriving with womens rights movements, and Kate Chopin was one leading contributor to the said phenomenon. She contributed a lot through her writings about women, daytime dramas, the feminine mystique, women’s liberation, Mars vs. Venus, self-help and commentary on open marriages. You can see how Kate Chopin’s life event (train accident, A Widow, and Freedom for Women) influenced her fictions through The Story of an Hour. One of the main events in the story is a man’s loss, namely Mrs. Mallard’s husband. Josephine, Mrs. Mallard’s sister, brought the sad message that there was a railroad disaster and of those listed as killed included Brently Mallard, who was Mrs. Mallard’s husband. In Kate’s life, there had been a similar loss. That someone was her father who passed away in a railroad accident in 1855. Furthermore, Mrs. Mallard is in due course assumed to be a widow, but readers will soon find out that Mr. Mallard is alive. In Kate’s life, her father had widowed her mother. Both had experienced what it’s like to be a widow but of course, the response to the loss may entirely be different. In the end, before she learnt of Brently’s return from the accident, Louise died of heart disease of joy that kills. This could suggest that she had a moment of monstrous joy, which consumed her and overwhelmed her to death. Perhaps Chopin would just let Louise die instead of seeing Brently again, causing her to remain imprisoned and be confined to her husband’s hands. Lastly, in The Story of An Hour, Chopin made no suggestion to the readers that Mrs. Mallard was sorry for her husband’s loss. Instead, she uttered under her breath, â€Å"free, free, and free! † which suggests how happy Mrs. Mallard was to have lost her husband, because she now has freedom of herself. The joy she feels after regaining her freedom is something which consumes her. In Kate’s life, a lot of her work mentioned the rise in the rights of women. She experienced a period where there was a decline in those rights and women were deprived of public needs like education, the right to vote, the right to property and their children. Those events drove her to write the kind of feminist text she did instead of dedicating herself to other themes. As observed, literature can bring us to the world of the author. Literary works reflect the time, state of mind, and the life of the author. By understanding the connection between Kate Chopin and Mrs. Mallard in the short story, The Story of an Hour, it can be confirmed that the novel portrayed a reference to Kate Chopin’s life since most of the events (train accident, A Widow, and Freedom for Women) in Louise’s life are similar to, or at least greatly influenced by her own. References Chopin, K. (1894). One Story. PBS (Director). (1999). Kate Chopin: A Re-Awakening [Motion Picture].