Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Essay Examples on JFK Essay Example

Essay Examples on JFK Paper 1st Essay Sample on JFK John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States, the youngest person ever to be elected President, thefirst Roman Catholic and thefirst to be born in the 20th century.Kennedy was assassinated before he completed his third year as President, therefore his achievements were limited.Nevertheless, his influence was worldwide, and his handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis may have prevented the United States from entering into another world war.Kennedy was especially admired by the younger people and he was perhaps the most popular president in history.Kennedy expressed the values of 20th century America and his presidency had an importance beyond its political achievements.John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts where he was one of nine children.The Kennedy family was very wealthy and providedmeans for the Kennedy children to pursue whatever they chose and John F. Kennedy chose politics. John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1942 and as a new member Kennedy supported legislation that would serve the interests of his elements.Kennedy usually backed bills sponsored by his party but would sometimes show independence by voting with the Republicans.He also joined with the Republicans in criticizing the Truman administrations handling of China.In China, the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, which had been supported by the United States, was unable to withstand the advance of Communist forces under Mao Zedong.By the end of 1949 government troops had been overwhelmingly defeated, and Chiang led his forces into exile on Taiwan.The triumphant Mao formed the Peoples Republic of China.Trumans critics, including Kennedy, charged that the administration had failed to support Chiang Kai-shek againstthe Communists. Despite Kennedys wavering within his own party platform, John F. 2nd Essay Sample on JFK As a society, there are many examples of world history. One example would have to be the John Fitzgerald Kennedy assassination. For over thirty years, Americans were led to believe that a single gunman shot and killed John F. Kennedy. In this paper, I will dispute the facts that show a single gunman was involved and show a conspiracy must have taken place. According to the facts regarding the case of the John F. Kennedys assassination, a single gunman killed Kennedy. On November 22, 1963, at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time, Kennedy was riding in an open limousine through Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was shot in the head and neck by a sniper. He was then taken to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. Later, police arrested Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine, at a nearby theater. By the next morning, Oswald was charged with the murder of President John F. Kennedy. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on JFK specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on JFK specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on JFK specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Two days later, Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub owner, killed Oswald while he was being moved from the city to the county jail. The above story sounds as if this should have been an open-and-shut case. After all, according to the information stated above, Oswald must have killed Kennedy. However, one must take a deeper look into the facts surrounding this case. Many people who witnessed the murder of John F. Kennedy dispute the facts above, saying that they heard shots from other places besides the book depository. Among these were 2 other witnesses and Abraham Zapruder, who captured the entire assassination on an eight-millimeter movie camera. This movie, cleverly called the Zapruder Film, is the single best piece of visual evidence in this case. In order to more clearly understand the Zapruder Film, it is necessary to break it down into frames. The particular movie camera that Zapruder was using ran at eighteen and three-hundredths (18.3) frames per second.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Global Communications GAP Anlaysis

Global Communications GAP Anlaysis Free Online Research Papers Running head: GAP ANALYSIS: GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS Gap Analysis: Global Communications In this paper, I will discuss are the trials that Global Communication tackled, issues and opportunities, stakeholders perspective and ethical dilemmas, and a gap analysis of the business. The business should remain competitive, keep up with the everyday changes in the business worlds and technology, and reorganize the company. The Gap Analysis appraises the ethical dilemmas that have become proven to the reaction to the reorganization plan. Global Communications is a telecommunications business under pressure to be victorious in a competitive business setting. Situation Analysis Issue and Opportunity Identification Global Communications stockholders are alarmed that returns are down and upset that business will have a hard time recovering. Stocks had plunged by more than 40% in the past two years and are valued at only $12 per share now. The boost competition Global Communications faced had increased greatly over the years and is finding it difficult to keep up with the ever-changing business work. Global Communications needs to reorganize the business in order to continue to endure in the telecommunications needs to develop new services, find ways to cutting operating cost, and increase productivity. The top executives came up with an approach to rejuvenate the business. The first was to introduce new services such as video conferencing and satellite. The business also wanted to form a partnership with a wireless provider to provide 24-hour internet access using wireless telephones and internet cards. The other step as for the top executives to identify cutting procedures which would expand effectiveness to business, Global Communications plans to promote itself forcefully to another level to become an actual global company. Since labor cost were a concern for Global Communications, the business plans to move technical call centers to Ireland and India. This will allow Global Communications to reduce costs by 30%. Unfortunately, most employees will lose his or her job or have to relocate but with a 10% pay cut. The top people had a lack of communication that was not discussed with the union works and this caused problems with the workers’ union. Global Communications showed a lack of organizational commitment in their dealing with the union. â€Å"Organizational commitment reflects the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals.† (Kinicki Kreitner, 2003. p. 216). Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical Dilemmas Global Communications shareholders were concerned with the depreciation of stock by over 60% in the past three years. The business was experiencing pressures to reorganize and restructure to become successful in the telecommunications business. Global Communication employees and the workers’ union have devoted much into the company. To uphold long-term to increase the company, employees gave up 20% of their health and education benefits. Surrendering those benefits is clear that the employees and the union are alarm about business growth and strength of employment. The workers’ union does not approve the outsourcing of jobs as the union has given up much already in way of benefits to assist Global Communications to become a more efficient business. Global Communications top executives needed to decide which group of stakeholders has more stakes in the business. Although, this was important to implement the perfect plan then they could have determined the business financial struggles in a timely manner while acting in the business best interest along with being sensitive to those who were facing the possibility of losing their jobs. End-State Vision When Global Communications execute the reorganization plan to suggest fresh services and cut costs by contracting out, the company might actual become successful in the telecommunication business. Shareholders will have added confidence as stocks recapture value. Global Communications would be able to offer appealing benefits to the employees because of the plan that Global Communications implemented and offered more jobs that contract out. â€Å"Effective communication is vital to all organizations because it manages the employees’ needs t knowledge management, and improves decision making† (McShane Von Glinow, 2005, p. 324). Top executives communication with the workers’ union has improved and regular meetings has been established to better keep employees up to date on important issues that affect the employees. According to Kinick and Kreitner, ‘Face-to-face discussions for example, useful for communicating about sensitive or important issues and those required feedback and intensive interaction (Kinicki Kreitner, 2004, p. 13). Global Communications will continue to uphold their philosophy of, â€Å"Our Edge is People.† Top executives will make sure that Global Communications will stay up and design technology to keep them ahead of the game and stay in the telecommunications business. Gap Analysis In sequence for Global Communications to be victorious, top executives should perform new services and products need to be victorious, meet the requirements of their customers, and offer products and services that will be pleasing. This will help not only to maintain the customers of Global Communications which previously has and lower needless expenses to lower overhead. Global Communications should give severance packages for employees who get a pink slip and offer career counseling and training to assist employees in finding new jobs. Conclusion Finally, the success of Global Communications is dependent leading the completion of the most recent reorganization of the business. The telecommunications business changed Global Communication should stay on top of the continuing changes in the business world. Most companies contract out Global Communications choice to shift some of the call centers to Ireland and India should have been discussed with the entire board and the worker’s union. References Kreitner, Robert. Kinicki, Angelo. (2004). Organizational Behavior (3rd ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill/Irvin McShane, Steve L., Von Glinow, Mary Ann. (205). Organizational Behavior: Workplace Emotions and Attitudes. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies. Table 1 Issue and Opportunity Identification Issue Opportunity Reference to Specific Course Concept (Include citation) Concept USAuto’s negotiating team did not carefully identify AutoMex’s goals. USAuto’s goal was to reduce costs through utilizing AutoMex labor. AutoMex, by contrast, viewed USAuto as a source for developing its employees’ skill levels. USAuto’s negotiating team also approached entering the Mexican market similarly, unwilling to allow AutoMex access to the hybrid engine for AutoMex’s own production. Both of these distributive approaches create win-lose situations and can lead to conflict, as compared to the win-win situations created by integrative negotiations (Kinicki Kreitner, 2003, p. 504). USAuto can develop intelligence on potential business relations to understand better others’ goals in negotiation settings. â€Å"A distributive negotiation usually involves a single issue- a ‘fixed-pie’- in which one person gains at the expense of the other. For example, haggling over the price of a rug in a bazaar is a distributive negotiation,† (Kinicki Kreitner, 2003, p. 71). Distributive negotiations Global Communications stockholders are concerned that returns are down and worried that business will have a difficult time recovering. Stocks have plunged than 40% in the past two years and are valued at $12 per share now. Global Communications can explore business to compare and contrast where business surpass and require more help. Benchmarking illustrate the overall process by which a business surpass in performance as other businesses and learn how to get the same type of results.(Kinicki Kreitner, 2003, p .691). Benchmarking Global Communication failed to communicate its strategic plans with the Union to reduce cost and increase profitability by outsourcing its call centers to India and Ireland. Global Communication also continued with its strategic plans of globalization unwilling to negotiate with the Union. Global Communications can work closely with the Union on a plan that will create and keep as many jobs as possible while reducing cost and increasing profitability. Effective communication is vital to all organizations because it coordinates employees, fulfills employee needs, supports knowledge management, and improves decision making. (McShane Von Glinow, 2005, 324) Table 2 Stakeholder Perspectives Stakeholder Perspectives Stakeholder Groups The Interests, Rights, and Values of Each Group Shareholders Their interest is ownership in the business, making a profit while making certain the business is making a profit ethically Board of Directors Own stock in the business and keep and eye on the profits Employees They want to own stock as well, share interest profits of the business Table 3 End State Goals End-State Goals Global Communications strategy of reorganizing a design to offer an appealing service and cut cost by contracting outside. Global Communications give better benefits to the employees after the business bounced back, and make the job more appealing. Global Communications give severance packages for employees who have lost their jobs. Global Communications should make available career counseling, training this would help the employees to find a new or better job. Research Papers on Global Communications GAP AnlaysisTwilight of the UAWAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceOpen Architechture a white paperDefinition of Export QuotasRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Book review preliminary sheet(history) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Book review preliminary sheet(history) - Essay Example One of the issues that I may pursue in my discussion is how the media and the popular culture including sport and other stately pleasures have been used to construct the Canadian identity in order to develop a better understanding of the meaning of being a Canadian. In addition, I will also dry to look into what the popular symbols of Canadian identity have in common. In this regard, each of the five chapters will serve as a case study in itself. Finally, another possible area of focus in the book will be to discuss the different ways through which the State mixes into the everyday lives of the citizens. According to Patricia Cormack and Cosgrave, the absence of Tim Horton’s coffee from daily routines might make individuals not only unusual- but a popular brand in the country and also an overwhelmingly susceptible. Don Cherry’s muscular patriotism appears not to abide by CBC’s restlessness attempts to reduce all cultures to a list or a

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Cost-Benefit Analysis of A Public Infrastructure Project Assignment

Cost-Benefit Analysis of A Public Infrastructure Project - Assignment Example Thus, to come up with a public infrastructure, several factors will be considered to look at both the advantage and causality in order to achieve the optimal benefit that is required. Public infrastructure is considered to be of good interest to the society if its final outcome benefits surpass the cost of implementing the total project. If the cost of implementing the infrastructure is more than the benefit the society is supposed to enjoy after its completion, then, the project is of no much benefit to the society. To realize the cost benefit of a public infrastructure, a cost benefit analyses is carried out to investigate the benefit the society is expected to achieve once the said infrastructure is completed. If the result shows that the project has a positive benefit, then, the infrastructure should be implemented. If the result on the other side reveals that the benefits of the project upon completion reflect negative benefit, then, the project should be dropped (Campbell and B rown, 15). 1.1Project description The public infrastructure that is illustrated under this paper is of power plant construction nature which is located in Middle East and North African region. This region has a high potential of solar and wind energy because it receives a lot of energy from sun in six hours than what a man consumes in one year and is home to top sites of wind potential. This project is expected to generate electricity by use of massive set up of solar and wind farms networks and connect the power to Europe through a Europe- Mediterranean electricity network. A high voltage direct current (HDVC) transmission cables will be used in the transmission of the power. The power plant will involve spreading of concentrating solar power systems, wind parks and photovoltaic systems in desert of North Africa in places like Sahara desert. This means that the power plant will produce energy that is renewable instead of use of fossil fuel that is not renewable. This project will p rovide a substantial demand of electricity in Middle East and Northern Africa region and a 15% of electricity need in Europe. Thus, due to the fact that this project is expected to benefit those three regions, it has being dubbed as EUMENA which means European Union, Middle East and Northern Africa. Investment under this public infrastructure is expected to cost up to 400 billion pounds by 2050. Under this project, Europe is expected to lead in fighting climate change and economies of the Northern African countries and Europe, grow due to green house gas emissions limitation. This project has the potential to satisfy 15 percent of the electricity demand in Europe and much needed electricity in Middle East and North Africa. 240,000 jobs in Germany are likely to be created if this project is implemented and generate electricity worth 2 trillion by 2050. Energy wastage is expected to be reduced under this project because it will enable transfer of energy from areas with surplus to area s it is needed. The grid will help in taking advantage of the large amounts of energy that is likely to be sourced from large scale sources of renewable energy that are remote. The construction of the transmission grid will reduce difference between actual generating capacity and the minimum

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Lap report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Lap - Lab Report Example Explanation of Procedure: A meter stick was mounted at slightly greater than eye level, level to the ground. A plumb bob, actually a string with a nut tied to the end, hung at head level exactly 0.5 meters from the meter stick. This served as an observation post with easily converted and consistent measures. As the moon fully rose past the horizon, two index cards were â€Å"butted† to either edge of the moon and the indicated length was recorded. This procedure was repeated later. Data and Calculations: The chart results: time d (cm) D (cm) conversion ? 7:10 50 0.5 205265 2053 10:10 50 0.5 205265 2053 Where: d=50 cm as set by the experiment. D= the measure between the cards ?=the angle size of the moon in arc seconds calculated as =(D/d) x 205265 The diameter of the moon is calculated as: D= (205265 x 2053)/ 380000km d=3800 km The angular size of the moon by calculation is: 2053 arc seconds The estimated diameter of the moon is: 3800 km The angular size of the moon is consist ent throughout a one night period; however, the distance to the moon varies over time, so over years, the angular size changes Conclusions and Analysis: The method used produces a good approximation of the diameter of the moon.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Factors for Successful Behaviour Change Interventions

Factors for Successful Behaviour Change Interventions Critically assess the key elements that contribute to successful behaviour change interventions. The need for change Everyone wants a long and healthy life although some young people claim that they do not wish to be old. This is because of the negative connotations of old age. It is also a flippant opt-out of taking responsibility. The rationale behind a healthy style of living is unassailable. So why is it difficult to get people to change their ways? For many people, simply getting them to change at all is a major obstacle. As Niccolo Machiavelli observed more than 500 years ago,[1] â€Å"It must be considered that there is nothing more difficult to carry out, nor more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to handle, than to initiate a new order of things.† It is not only innate mule-like conservatism that hampers change. There are also positive attributes to the status quo. The tobacco industry has long attempted to portray smoking as cool, sophisticated and sexy. To the rational person, spending vast amounts of money to ruin your health and smell like an old ashtray cannot be cool, sophisticated or have any trace of sex appeal. Over many decades Hollywood has connived to portray smoking in a positive light and this does have at least a subliminal effect.[2] Simply giving people information about the risks of adverse lifestyles and the benefits of changing their ways is not enough. The relationship between smoking and lung cancer has been public knowledge since the report of the Royal College of Physicians on Smoking and Health in 1963 although the association was first suggested in 1950[3] and the association with other diseases in 1956.[4] There has to be a sustained approach with a solid theoretical background. Models for change The two theories that are most commonly employed in health promotion are the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and the Health Belief Model (HBM). Both are most commonly employed to produce changes in health promotion but the TTM model can be used to produces changes in other fields including industry. Both these models focus on the decision making process of the individual. Other models include the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). All four have been reviewed by NICE.[5] Transtheoretical Model The Transtheoretical Model was devised in the 1980s. It sees five stages of action. Stage 1 is the pre-contemplative stage. It is defined as having no intention to change in the next six months. To use smoking as an example, the person may not appreciate the true level of risk. They may be aware that there is adverse publicity about tobacco. Perhaps some people around them are giving up but they have not taken it seriously enough to think of doing so themselves. Any desire to change is still at a subconscious level. Stage 2 is the contemplative level. It is defined as intention to change in the next six months although it may take longer. The people involved are aware of the benefits of changing but they are also acutely aware of the challenges. They must decide the balance between costs and benefits. Stage 3 is the preparation phase. There is intention to take action in the near future and preparation is in hand. The people involved have already taken some significant steps to prepare for the change. Action is planned for the next month or so. With regard to smoking, they may have discussed it with other people. They may have sought out support groups and discussed prescription of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or bupropion. They may have set a date to quit. Stage 4 is action. The people involved have modified their thinking and behaviour. In this case, they have actually stopped smoking. Stage 5 is maintenance and focuses on sustaining the success. It is important to ascertain that the people involved do not relapse into the old behaviours and are confident of maintaining the new ones. They may focus on money saved, feeling healthier and enjoying food more. It is also necessary to address negative aspects such as possible weight gain. Health Belief Model The Health Belief Model is quite popular amongst healthcare professionals. It was developed in the 1950s in the USA to examine why there was a low uptake of a screening programme for tuberculosis. There are five steps: The first is perceived susceptibility. It relates to an individual’s feeling of how likely he is to suffer from a condition. It may run in the family or affect a friend. Many people seem to regard themselves as immune to certain illnesses. We all know the smoker who refuses to give up because he knows someone who smoked all of his life without any overt problem. Perceived seriousness is the next step. This is similar to susceptibility. Does the patient see lung cancer as curable? Does he see other smoking related diseases as manageable? The third step is perceived benefits and barriers. Patients weigh up the benefits against the costs of taking action. This means implication rather than financial costs. Fear of being excluded from his group of smoking friends may be a barrier. Uptake of cervical smears may be impaired by potential embarrassment. Self efficacy is step four. It is sometimes called health motivation. It describes how a person sees the ability to change behaviour. If a person thinks that he is unable to stop smoking this is a barrier. The fifth stage is cues to action. This is the trigger that initiates change. It may be an intervention from a health professional, an illness or a life event such as a new baby. Becoming pregnant can be a strong cue for women. Curtailing smoking Smoking cessation is a particularly relevant area to analyse. Smoking is the greatest avoidable contributor to ill health and premature death. Everyone knows of the dangers although perhaps they choose to underestimate them. Even young people still take up the habit. A Cochrane review found limited support for the effectiveness of multi-component interventions in the community to help prevent the uptake of smoking in young people.[6] Smoking tends to be most prevalent in deprived communities. A NICE public health guidance called â€Å"Identifying and supporting people most at risk of dying prematurely† focused mainly on smoking cessation and the provision of statins as being cost effective and clinically effective.[7] Both NICE[8] and CKS[9] have extensively reviewed the evidence and made recommendations with regard to smoking cessation. There are also plenty of Cochrane reviews.[10] NICE regards those of lower social class and pregnant women as a priority. Before the dangers of smoking were publicly known there was no difference in smoking habits between social classes. Now there is a distinct gradient[11] and it is said that smoking accounts for a significant amount of the decreased health and increased mortality through the social classes.[12] This is known as health inequalities. Key elements in changing behavior The first element of change has to be to implant in the individual’s mind that there is a need for change. With regard to smoking this may come in many ways. Public health messages often preach the wisdom of quitting. Health issues are raised whenever tax is increased and the price of cigarettes rises. This does reduce consumption.[13] Possibly milestones in life such as a 40th or 50th birthday may spur consideration of one’s health. Pregnancy is often a strong incentive to quit and both partners should do so to allow the baby a smoke free home. A Cochrane review was unimpressed at the evidence that getting both of a couple to quit together increased the success rate.[14] However, lack of evidence of efficacy and evidence of lack of efficacy are not the same and it does seem a good idea. The matter may arise during a consultation with a health professional. This may be when reviewing a directly relevant disease such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, ast hma or COPD or it may simply be brought up as it comes to light on the health promotion template. It has been shown that if GPs simply raise the issue during a consultation this can have an effect.[15] NICE suggests that people who are not ready to quit should be asked to consider it and to seek help in the future. Some people fail to understand the concept of risk. They need it explained in terms that they can understand. There is no certainty that a smoker will die of a disease related to his habit nor that a non-smoker will have a long and healthy life. It is useful to have some simple figures. About 1 in 5 non-smokers die before 65 years old compared with 2 in 5 smokers. Half of all smokers die of a smoking related disease. If you do the National Lottery in the hope of winning the jackpot the chance of doing so is 1 in 14 million. For young people who cannot imagine being as old as 30, a different approach is needed. Smoking accelerates the aging process in arteries, in the lungs, in bones and in the skin. For those who fear old age, they are bringing it on. Money, fitness and smelling fresh are also positive attributes. Nicotine is highly addictive.[16] There are other components to the urge. There is the ritual of lighting up and something to do with the hands as well as the image. All these must be addressed to help the individual to cope. Many people find it helpful to set a date to quit. This allows for some counselling before the event and for such matters as NRT or bupropion to be discussed.[17] The forum in which this is done may well be a smoking cessation clinic within primary care. It is usually nurse led. There may be one-to-one counselling but groups may also be helpful.[18] The members give each other mutual support and tips for how to cope. Having brought the person to the point of quitting it is important to give support through the potentially difficult time ahead. In the early days motivation is high. This must be sustained. Congratulate the person on the achievement. Make him feel good about himself. Reinforce the positive aspects of quitting. Some people collect the money that they would have spent on tobacco each day and put it towards their holiday. NRT can give a slow release background level of nicotine in the blood to help ameliorate withdrawal. It is very important that the individual does not smoke. Inhalation of nicotine gives a rapid surge and this surge contributes greatly to the addictive mechanism. Some people test that their patients have been abstinent by using a carbon monoxide meter.[19] Carbon monoxide is present in tobacco smoke and it binds to haemoglobin with 210 times the affinity of oxygen. Therefore, carbon monoxide is released slowly for a while after smoking. At what stage has a person successfully quit? Is it after a week, a month or 6 months? There is a joke that goes, â€Å"Giving up smoking is easy. I’ve done it many times.† This emphasises the great problem of recidivism. It is a problem with smoking, alcohol and drug abuse. Those who counsel drug addicts and alcoholics continue for a long time after abstention to ascertain that it continues. Alcoholics Anonymous will invite people to their meetings even years after they last had a drink. They know how precarious the position is. People who stopped smoking may restart 6 months, a year or even a couple of years after they quit. It is often said that ex-smokers are the most intolerant of the smell of tobacco smoke and this is good. People may choose to start again in times of stress or crisis. A typical scenario is when out drinking. Smokers often try to undermine those who have successfully quit. Perhaps they emphasise their own inadequacy. â€Å"Go on. Just have one. It will do you good!† are the sort of thing that alleged friends say. In the words of Alcoholics Anonymous, â€Å"One is too many and 100 is not enough.† One night out drinking can lead to complete reversion. This is less likely to happen now that smoking in pubs and bars is illegal but it is still a risk and should be discussed in counselling. Forewarned is forearmed. Reflection on learning in health promotion It is easy enough to read and learn the theories of health promotion but putting them into practice is another matter. There will always be surprises and there will always be areas to learn. No isolated incident comes to mind but there are a number of issues that have emerged with accumulated experience. Any reasonable person will look at the health issues involved and will conclude that the healthy way of life is the logical option. This applies particularly to not smoking. However, not everyone is reasonable and this includes highly educated people. Matters that are not much emphasised in health promotion advice and the literature are peer pressure and denial. It used to be said that the prevalence of smoking was higher amongst nurses at the completion of their training than at the start although the true incidence of smoking amongst nurses is uncertain.[20] There is no doubt that peer pressure within a school of nursing is high. Stress is also given as a reason for smoking.[21] However, stress is a subjective experience and it may be used as an excuse to conform to peer pressure. Practice what you preach is a common proverb. An obese healthcare professional who advises weight loss or one who advises cessation of smoking whilst be known to indulge personally, lacks credibility. However, the â€Å"sinner† is also less likely to attempt health promotion.[22] Nurses who smoke are less likely to believe the compelling arguments about the dangers of smoking.[23] This is unlikely to represent an objective scepticism about the evidence but simply denial. If all this applies to nurses, it is unsurprising to find that it is at least as true when dealing with patients. People have to be ready to change. The mere noting of the fact that a patient smokes and the raising of eyebrows is another cue for it to sink in. There is no point in trying to pressurise the person who is not yet ready but leave an invitation to return when the time is right. What makes a person believe? It is not the level of evidence. People will find all sorts of excuses to doubt the overwhelming evidence about smoking or to pretend that it does not apply to them. On the other hand it seems much easier to convince people that the MMR vaccine causes autism when there is not a shred of evidence to support the allegation.[24] The convenience of a belief is important. We must lead by example. The â€Å"sinner† as a â€Å"preacher† is unconvincing although the reformed â€Å"sinner† may be more credible. It is important not to appear as sanctimonious with a â€Å"holier than thou† attitude. We need to show empathy with those we try to help. This applies not just to the physical addiction to nicotine but to the demands of peer pressure. The latter is especially important for young people. It is very easy for the non-smoker to see only negative images of smoking. Ask the patient to make a list of all the good things about smoking and all the bad things about it. A similar technique is used when counselling drug abusers. There must be something positive about taking drugs or no one would do it. Similarly, there are positive aspects to smoking. This shows that there is empathy towards the positive aspects. It also allows the patient to see the balance and to believe that he is making his own decision. He is not being coerced or bullied. It is also important to be realistic about the negative attributes of smoking cessation. Honesty gives credibility. It is often not so much the nicotine addiction that is a problem. This wanes with time. It is the gain in weight.[25] Weight gain is much more visible than damage to lungs or arteries. Many teenage girls say that they smoke to aid weight control. In fact, starting to smoke as a teenager probably does not help at all whilst the later in life that smoking is stopped the more marked weight gain is likely to be. Exercise rather than smoking is much healthier and much more effective. Nicotine has a nauseating effect and so when it is withdrawn there is likely to be increased appetite. Food now tastes better and some people suck sweets to occupy their mouth. It is important to discuss the matter. Weight gain is bad for health but unless the gain is enormous the benefit of smoking cessation will greatly outweigh the dangers of weight gain. If the patient decides to start smoki ng again the result will be a fat smoker. The weight will not melt away. Health promotion is a very personal matter. It requires a relationship on a one-to-one basis. It requires trust and respect. The health promoter must be seen as an honest broker rather than an evangelist. This requires empathy and it requires respect of the patient too. It is an important and difficult decision and he needs help and support. 1 [1] Niccolo Machiavelli. The Prince. 1532. Translator: W. K. Marriott http://www.sonshi.com/machiavelli.html [2] Tickle JJ, Sargent JD, Dalton MA, Beach ML, Heatherton TF. Favourite movie stars, their tobacco use in contemporary movies, and its association with adolescent smoking. Tob Control. 2001 Mar;10(1):16-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11226355 [3] Doll R, Hill AB. Smoking and carcinoma of the lung; preliminary report. Br Med J. 1950 Sep 30;2(4682):739-48. [4] Doll R, Hill AB. Lung cancer and other causes of death in relation to smoking; a second report on the mortality of British doctors. Br Med J. 1956 Nov 10;2(5001):1071-81. [5] Behaviour change: Taylor et al models review. NICE 2006. http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/Behaviour_Change-Taylor_et_al-models_review_tables_appendices.pdf [6] Sowden A, Stead L. Community interventions for preventing smoking in young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD001291. http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab001291.html [7] NICE. PH15 Identifying and supporting people most at risk of dying prematurely: guidance. September 2008. http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/PH015Guidance.pdf [8] NICE. Smoking cessation. March 2006 http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/index.jsp?action=byIDo=11375 [9] CKS Library. Smoking cessation. 2007. http://www.cks.library.nhs.uk/smoking_cessation [10] Cochrane Collaboration. http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/index.htm [11] Jefferis BJ, Power C, Graham H, Manor O. Changing social gradients in cigarette smoking and cessation over two decades of adult follow-up in a British birth cohort. J Public Health (Oxf). 2004 Mar;26(1):13-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044567 [12] Jha P, Peto R, Zatonski W, Boreham J, Jarvis MJ, Lopez AD. Social inequalities in male mortality, and in male mortality from smoking: indirect estimation from national death rates in England and Wales, Poland, and North America. Lancet. 2006 Jul 29;368(9533):367-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11226355 [13] Leverett M, Ashe M, Gerard S, Jenson J, Woollery T. Tobacco use: the impact of prices. J Law Med Ethics. 2002 Fall;30(3 Suppl):88-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12508509 [14] Park E-W, Schultz JK, Tudiver F, Campbell T, Becker L. Enhancing partner support to improve smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD002928. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002928.pub2. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD002928/frame.html [15] Smoking cessation guidelines for health professionals: an update. Health Education Authority. West R, McNeill A, Raw M. Thorax. 2000 Dec;55(12):987-99. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmedpubmedid=11083883 [16] Russell MA. The nicotine addiction trap: a 40-year sentence for four cigarettes. Br J Addict. 1990 Feb;85(2):293-300. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2180512 [17] Guidance on the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and bupropion for smoking cessation. NICE technology appraisal no. 39 (2002). www.nice.org.uk/TA039 [18] Stead LF, Lancaster T. Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001007. http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab001007.html [19] Middleton ET, Morice AH. Breath carbon monoxide as an indication of smoking habit. Chest. 2000 Mar;117(3):758-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10713003 [20] The incidence of smoking amongst nurses: a review of the literature. Rowe K, Clark JM. J Adv Nurs. 2000 May;31(5):1046-53. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10840237 [21] Rowe K, Macleod Clark J. Why nurses smoke: a review of the literature. Int J Nurs Stud. 2000 Apr;37(2):173-81 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10684959 [22] McKenna H, Slater P, McCance T, Bunting B, Spiers A, McElwee G. Qualified nurses smoking prevalence: their reasons for smoking and desire to quit. J Adv Nurs..2001 Sep;35(5):769-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11529979 [23] The effect of training on knowledge and opinion about smoking amongst nurses and student teachers. Elkind AK. J Adv Nurs. 1988 Jan;13(1):57-69. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3372886 [24] Bandolier Extra. MMR vaccination and autism. http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/Extraforbando/MMRextra.pdf [25] Filozof C, Fernà ¡ndez Pinilla MC, Fernà ¡ndez-Cruz A. Smoking cessation and weight gain. Obes Rev. 2004 May;5(2):95-103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15086863

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

The Heroism of Dying for Ones Country in Poetry Essay -- William Shak

The Heroism of Dying for One's Country in Poetry The Volunteer is a Pro-War poem written by Herbert Asquith. Asquith uses roman imagery to invoke a feeling of greatness and honour. Asquith begins his poem by describing the miserable, mundane life of a clerk, working in a 'city grey'. He opens with the words 'Here lies' that are normally used to begin writing on a gravestone. This 'epitaph' - style opening gives the idea that the clerk has now passed away and the poem will concentrate on events beforehand. We are told the clerk has spent 'half his life' doing boring work ('..Toiling at ledgers..'), his days drifting away. There is a distinct lack of fulfilment in his life, '..With no lance broken in life's tournament' ('Lance' is roman imagery) And yet he dreams of '..The gleaming eagles of the legions..' and horsemen '..thundering past beneath the oriflamme..' (or battle flag.) Asquith cleverly uses the expression '..The gleaming eagles of the legions..' to conjure up ideas in the reader's mind of great gleaming roman soldiers. This adds to the ideology that war is a glamorous and noble thing. In his second stanza, Asquith tells us that '..those waiting dreams are satisfied..' Obviously, the clerk has joined the army. He talks of '..waiting dreams..' giving the impression that the clerk has dreamt of this for a very long time. He goes on to say '..From twilight to the halls of dawn he went..' I think what he means is that the clerk has gone from his dull city to a new, brighter beginning. And although he died he is happy. '..His lance is broken but he lies content..' Because in that 'high hour in which he lived and died' he achieved something he had dreamt of forever. Asquith also mentions that the ... ...er uses images of death and an epitaph style opening to convey the message of a valiant death. I don't think that making the reader think of death will inspire him or her to fight for their country at all. Dulce est Decorum Est is the most effective poem of the three. It's usage of vivid and horrific imagery could make any patriotic citizen think again before going to war. The structure of the poem is extremely well thought out because it begins to get extremely shocking in the final stanza, almost certainly making the reader sway away from the honourable image he or she had of war before reading. It then finishes with labelling Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori a lie. This is intelligent because the reader is at his most easily influenced after reading the horrific description in the final stanza and therefore is more likely to agree with this point.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Maid: the Great Gatsby Essay

â€Å"Things gained through unjust fraud are never secure.† -Sophocles. Up to chapter 5 of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, there are recurring rumors about Gatsby’s background including that he had killed a man, is of German descent, and is a bootlegger. These rumors portray Gatsby as a man other than himself, but whether this is true is still uncertain. However, Nick’s keen awareness of Gatsby’s servants raises suspicion and allows readers to attain evidence that reveals Gatsby’s true identity. The maid, seen by Nick and portrayed through her actions, undermines Gatsby’s status and reveals his identity as phony. In chapter V, narrator Nick observes Gatsby’s house, but it is clear from Nick’s observations that something is not right; everything seems artificial and inconclusive. Nick notes that a brewer had built Gatsby’s mansion, and Gatsby tried to â€Å"pay five years’ taxes on all the neighboring cottages if the owners would have their roofs thatched† (88) so that it would complement Gatsby’s house. It is important to emphasize that Gatsby had specifically paid for the neighbor’s taxes in order to improve the looks of his house. This ostentatious action was done for reason: to attract Daisy. Nick also concludes that Americans have always been obstinate about being peasantry. At this point, he observes: â€Å"A maid began opening the upper windows of his house, appeared momentarily in each, and, leaning from a large central bay, spat meditatively into the garden.† (88) Nick sees the maid â€Å"spit into the garden† as if she di srespects Gatsby. It is important to note that the maid spat â€Å"meditatively† meaning that it was done with intention and with great thought. There was no reason for her to spit, nor was spitting a common action back in the 1920’s, but her intentions were hidden. While she â€Å"spat† in Gatsby’s garden, one of his valuable properties, her action was actually directed towards Gatsby himself. From this, it can be inferred that she disrespected him and despised him for his wealth, upper class, and fame. While Gatsby exploited his wealth, intending to impress Daisy, the maid, completely oblivious about Gatsby’s goal, could also have despised him for his pretentious attitude. Maids were usually part of the lower class, and it raises suspicion about why Gatsby would hire such a person. More importantly, it raises the question as to how she knows a lot about Gatsby and why she would hate Gatsby for his wealth. Her decision serves as a juxtaposition; Gatsby and the maid share similar qualities. Perhaps Gatsby’s background does not match the image that he portrays. It raises suspicion that Gatsby might be from the lower class as well and lives his current life as a fraud. Fitzgerald puts the maid here in this chapter to insinuate something about Gatsby’s background. Nick’s keen observations and suspicious judgment gives the readers an opportunity to make connections. Ultimately, it is the connection that Gatsby and the maid were both raised in the lower class. Perhaps Gatsby was a bootlegger, and his ways of promoting himself into the upper class led to the maid’s actions;, it was her reaction in contempt that spoils the true identity of the great Gatsby.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Beverly Buchanan and Frank Lloyd Wright

Beverly Buchanan and Frank Lloyd Wright The film called Magnificent Obsession: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Building and Legacy in Japan examines the experiences of Frank Lloyd Wright in Japan as well as his impact on Japanese architecture (Severns and Mori n. p.). While exploring the greatest monuments in Japan, such as a school, an embassy, and hotels, the documentary introduces viewers into the marvelous architect’s genius and his obsession with Japanese culture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Beverly Buchanan and Frank Lloyd Wright specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The great architect was devoted to Japanese culture and draw aesthetic inspiration from buildings. In addition, the film discloses Wright’s great interest in the vernacular of shrines, temples and homes. Viewing these conventional structures, the artist found the validation of the organic design principles that have been developed by Wright for almost a decade. In contrast to Wr ight’s functional architecture, Buchanan’s vision on the scope of architecture is more associated with utility. The video begins with the analysis of Japanese culture within an 1890-2004 period. While carefully investigating a hundred-years experience, the author tried to inherit the main elements of Japan architecture. However, Wright still provides his insights into this vernacular architecture. Being involved in the ethnic and cultural tendencies of building, Wright pays attention to functional elements of architecture and attempts to create a multifunctional space where all parts of a construction are united in one whole. Judging from the video depicting Wright’s greatest masterpieces, the architect tries to strike the balance between rendering the essence of architecture through aesthetic implications and its utility. At the same time, he denied some important functional elements like door, believing that they cannot be regarded as an inherent component of a construction. Wright’s vision of architecture rigidly juxtaposes the one presented by Beverly Buchanan, a famous African American artist. Although she also depicts vernacular architecture in African, the buildings painted and sculptured in her work are more reminiscent of utilitarian tendencies. However, the true functionalism of Buchanan’s architecture does not deprive her sculpture of their aesthetics and ethnic elements. Apparently, the functionalism itself is a part of African culture comparing to those presented in Japan where the priority is given to refined forms and space allusions.Advertising Looking for essay on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, one cannot consider the artist works less aesthetic and sculptural. From theoretical point of view, the practice of â€Å"aesthetics† as presented by both great artists is aimed at improving appearance. In this regard, both Wright’s and Buchanan’s works disclose the historic value of art and aesthetics of sculpture (Sayre 78). Hence, depending on the role a particular work plays, the sculpture should be, first of all, accepted by the audience that can evaluate its actual value. In conclusion, a deep analysis of Buchanan’s sculptures and painting, and Wright’s architecture reveals new dimensions and goals pursued by the art. In particular, it puts forward the idea that the construction of a three-dimensional space involves the architect’s intention to combine physical characteristics, technological advances, and decorative elements. In this regard, Wright’s works are more impacted by the Japanese vernacular art where the priority was given to rendering aesthetics, but not utility. In contrast, Buchanan works are more oriented on utilitarian architectural tendencies. One way of another, both artistic movements are directed at demonstration the historical an d cultural heritage of a particular civilization. In this regard, though the artist’s works are deprived of decorative elements, they still preserve an aesthetic value. Magnificent Obsession: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Buildings and Legacy in Japan. Dir. Karen Severns and Koichi Mori. Perf. Donald Richie (voice), Kismet Productions, 2005. Sayre, Henry M. A Word of Art. US: Pearson Education, 2009. Print.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Essay on Exam Experiment and Eucalyptus Oil

Essay on Exam Experiment and Eucalyptus Oil Essay on Exam: Experiment and Eucalyptus Oil Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to prepare the Diels-Alder adduct of the unknown conjugated diene in â€Å"eucalyptus oil†, separate the adduct, and identify the unknown diene from the melting point of its adduct Experimental Method Measure 10ml of anhydrous diethyl ether, and 5g eucalyptus oil, 3.61g powdered maleic anhydrous. Then mixed them together, the color turn a neon yellow. Reflux on the steam bath water for 45 minutes with aluminum foil covered the round bottom flask. Transfer the mixture into a small Erlenmerer flask when it warms. Cover the flask with watch glass and let it cool down to room temperature. The mixture of white and yellow crystal was formed when it reached room temperature. The crystals were isolated by vacuum filtration and washed with cold low boiling petroleum ether. The crude crystal were purified by dissolving the adduct in dry methanol and allowing the adduct to recrystallize. The mass of product was 5.56g and the melting point was range from 98-100.5C Discussion / Conclusion He melting point The purpose of this experiment was to prepare the Diels-Alder adduct of the unknown conjugated diene in â€Å"eucalyptus oil†, separate the adduct, and identify the unknown diene from the melting point of its adductof the adduct proved that the diene in the eucalyptus oil was phellandrene For the Introduction: State the nature of the project and the approach to answering the question. For the Experimental section: Give a brief summary in your own words of the procedure, weaving in your observations/results, in as clear and concise a manner as possible. Include masses and millimoles for reactants and products, solvent volumes, etc., with values in parentheses after the substance name. Do not copy an experimental procedure from a book or give a blow by blow restatement of your notebook. Include any data from physical or chemical characterizations done on your end product. Data should be inserted in the Experiemtal where it was collected. Data includes MP, BP, IR, NMR, GC data, etc. % yield or % recovery should be included at each point you were measured material mass. This section should reflect your attached notebook pages. I don’t care if the notebook pages are messy (poorly written, mark throughs, spills, etc.). Notebooks are not to be rewritten, polished, or â€Å"prettied up.† They should accurately reflect the work performed as it is performed, a â€Å"real time† narrative. Remember, notebooks are considered admissible evidence in patent disputes in courts of law. A messy book is more believable than one that looks â€Å"copied.† For the Discussion / Conclusion section: Give a brief summary of your findings. Include an analysis from comparing your product characterization data to literature values. Did you get the product expected? In good yield? Why or why not? Suggestions for improvements? Follow on work? Wrap your experiment into a cool little package here. Well written, clear conclusion. Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to prepare the Diels-Alder adduct of the unknown conjugated diene in â€Å"eucalyptus oil†, separate the adduct, and identify the unknown diene from the melting point of its adduct Experimental Method Measure 10ml of anhydrous diethyl ether, and 5g eucalyptus oil, 3.61g powdered maleic anhydrous. Then mixed them together, the color turn a neon yellow. Reflux on the steam bath water for 45 minutes with aluminum foil covered the round bottom flask. Transfer the mixture into a small Erlenmerer flask when it warms. Cover the flask with watch glass and let it cool down to room temperature. The mixture of white and yellow crystal was formed when it reached room temperature. The crystals were isolated by vacuum filtration and washed with cold low boiling petroleum ether. The crude crystal were purified by dissolving the adduct in dry

Sunday, November 3, 2019

None Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

None - Essay Example The capital structure of a company will give a companys debt-to-equity ratio. The ratio gives the insights of how the company levels of risk are. A company that is more profoundly financed by debts has greater risks because the company is comparatively highly levered. When taking debts companies should be cautious to make sure that their financial management is sound (Bierman, 2003). The capital structure of a corporation is the backbone of the operations of a particular company. Competent staffs need to be hired to ensure that viable financial decisions are made at all times. Companies should make substantial equity investments to sustain its financial operations at all times. Capital structure is mostly divided into equity capital and debt capital (Bierman, 2003). Equity capital refers to the money that is owned by the shareholders. Equity capital will comprise of contributed capital that is the money invested by the shareholders in exchange for stock of shares ownership. Shareholders will put this cash in a particular company to get a stake and be earning dividends at certain future dates. Equity capital also comprises of retained earnings that is made up of profits that was realized in the past years and have been kept by the firm to strengthen the fund growth or balance sheet, expand the business or use for acquisitions. Most people believe that equity capital is the most expensive type of financing a company because it depends whole on the returns that a company must make to attract investors. Investors will always invest their wealth with the companies that thrive well in the industry. A company that doesnt perform well in the market is not able to finance its operations from the equity capital (Bierman, 2003). The debt capital of a company refers to borrowed money that is at work in the business operations. The most preferred debt capital is the long-term bonds because it

Friday, November 1, 2019

Preventing the spread of clostridium difficilel (C.diff) through Dissertation

Preventing the spread of clostridium difficilel (C.diff) through Systems Change - Dissertation Example difficile infection, as the individual with Clostridium infection liberates enormous spores in the hospital environment, which persist in the dormant stage till they procure another individual. It is evident that standard disinfectants are not sufficient to combat infectious agents, thereby enhancing the diffusion of Cl. difficile. It is therefore essential to isolate the patient and perform necessary actions to prevent further spread to other individuals present in the hospital. It is essential to adopt the antibiotic for treatment to prevent CDAD (Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea). The present article highlights the proof-based directives to minimize the spread of Cl. difficile, encompassing well-timed diagnosis or CDAD, close watch of cases with CDAD, education to the staff, hygiene, clothes, highly effective sterilization process for medical equipments, cleaning the environment, efficient antibiotic stewardship. Background Numerous guidelines have been made available to minimize the risk of such infections. It is observed that control measures play an imperative role in controlling nosocomial infections. ... may persevere in the environment for months to years and display enormous resistance for various disinfectants (Barbut, 1993; Johnson, 1990; Teare, 1998). Clinical Presentation & Diagnosis Chief virulence factors encompass Enterotoxin A and Cytotoxin B of Clostridium difficile (Kuijper, 2006). Most of the strains of Cl. difficile generate these toxins, causing diarrhoea or pseudo-membranous colitis or may result in toxic megacolon and bowel perforation in some patients (Miller, 2002). The mortality rate is 25-30% (Pepin, 2005). Clostridium difficile toxins are assessed with the help of cytotoxicity assay or by ELISA, or culture technique under anaerobic conditions or PCR based assays through stool examination (Van Den Berg, 2007). Materials and Methods Data was procured from PubMed with the search terms as: 'difficile', 'nosocomial', 'outbreak', 'transmission', 'control', 'environment' and 'prevention'. Data was then evaluated to formulate the guidelines for the prevention of Clostri dium difficile. Findings In majority of the cases it is observed that spread of spores and hence the pathogen occurs by means of "contact" as the staff serves as a carrier of spores and hence the spores travel from patient-to-patient along with the staff, or they infect individuals through the contaminated environment (Vonberg, 2008). Discussion Restricted use of antibiotics particularly cephalosporin, group of antibiotics and appropriate formulation of methodologies to avert medical device-related contamination or any kind of cross-infection paves the way for the prevention of nosocomial spread of resistant species of microorganisms especially Clostridium difficile. It is essential to isolate the patient with infection from resistant microorganisms. Preemptive segregation of all cases