Campus Safety long proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Campus Safety long - Research Proposal Example These statistics so eloquently illustrate a grim situation, where students are not safe inside the campus and this predicament is especially threatening to female students. During earlier days, college campuses have been perceived as â€Å"ivory towers† where students received immunity from the evils of the outside world but since the 1980s the â€Å"image began to change† (Fernandez and Lizotte 29). However, over the course of time, this notion has changed due to the trend of increasing crimes within the campus. Obviously, the reason for economic crimes is poverty and people from the locality of a campus commit such crimes on the students for financial gains. Hate crimes, discrimination and behaviors such as binge drinking, which is strongly associated with â€Å"sexual assaults,† are the causes of violent crimes within the campus (Crime on Campus 97). Similarly, the lack of proper systems to monitor security within campus such as security cameras, alarms etc as well as the presence of antisocial elements in the proximity of the campus can also encourage crimes. The administration and faculty in our campus are aware of the situation but, due to financial constraints they have not been able to implement adequate measures for effectively providing full security within the campus. Thus, securing campus perimeters, installing â€Å"physical access control mechanisms† including interior locks for classrooms and controlled access locks for dormitories etc are some of the traditional means of security in the campuses (Securing Our Future 8). On the other hand, recent trends in security measures suggest the use of technology in securing the campus by installing devices such as â€Å"surveillance cameras† and alarm systems or assigning the responsibility to private security agencies (8). However, these measures involve higher rates of investment and most of the campuses do not have adequate funding to support such endeavors. The Cost of Installing Adequate Security in Campuses and the Benefits: While sophisticated â€Å"Physical Security Solutions† are available in the market, college authorities often become constrained to use them due to the cost factor (Campus Safety 5). Details of security systems are attached as Annexure-I. Evidence suggests that the cost for installing an integrated security can be anywhere from US $ 1,868,116 to 2,464,693 for a â€Å"145,313 square-foot building† (Creating Safe Campuses 10). Estimates further indicate that the cost of campus security at major colleges or universities averages to â€Å"$ 1.2 million to 2 million per year† (Fickes par.6). Reputed brands such as Samsung, PolarizUSA, Logitech Alert, Panasonic etc are the leading market players in this segment and they can supply bulk as well as individual, customized security solutions. The following measures are, however, suggested for implementation as they can fetch the benefits listed against them: Se curity Cameras: A standard video surveillance camera, which can be connected to the â€Å"security gate over its own fiber-optic link† costs about US $ 8,000 per piece (University Cost- 1). This measure, however, can provide proper security within the campus as anybody making a wrong move will be caught on the tape and will be held accountable for further prosecution. This will create fear

Biography of Kate Chopin Essay Example for Free

Biography of Kate Chopin Essay Kate Chopin was an American author of short stories and novels. Considered as one of the earliest feminist authors of the 20th century, she was one of the most-celebrated female writers of her time. She wrote several short stories including The Story of an Hour (1894), Euphrase (1850), Mrs. Mobrys Reason (1891), A Shameful Affair (1893), and many others. Her literature usually described her own life, reflecting the time she lived in and the life she led. When readers look into her literature, they do not only read what is on the text but also try to understand the context. When you look through her fiction, you might notice that the contexts include the life of the author, the time it was written and the social condition during the time it was set, among others. One of her short stories, The Story of an Hour, depicts a woman’s reactions to the news of her husband’s death, upon reading which I found connections between her life and the life of the main character of the short story. Background and early life After Kate Chopin’s father was killed in a train accident, she moved into a household of women in St. Louis. As a girl she was mentored mainly by women her mother, her grandmother, and her great grandmother. She also had deep bonds with her family members, the sisters who taught her at school, and with her life-long friend Kitty Garasche. A lot of the fiction Kate wrote was hugely influenced by the women she grew up with, especially regarding her views about feminism, and women. In 1870, at the age of 20, she settled in New Orleans. Oscar, her husband, bought a general store in Cloutierville, but in 1882 he died of malaria and left Kate with $12,000 in debt (approximately $229,360 in 2005 dollars). Kate Chopin was widowed at 32. She attempted to run the plantation and store alone but with no success. Two years later, she sold her Louisiana business. Her mother wanted her to move back to St. Louis. The following year, her mother died. After the loss of both her husband and the mother, Kate Chopin found herself drifting into the realms of depression. Her doctor felt that writing would be a good way for her to heal this developing depression. Her doctor understood that writing could serve as a focus for her energy as well as a source of income. She thus indulged herself and became successful, and found many of her work getting published. However, some of her writings were far too ahead of their times and she faced lack of acceptance for almost 12 years. Literary works with examples Kate Chopin commented on the importance of describing human existence in its subtle, complex, true meaning, stripped of the veil with which ethical and conventional standards have draped it† (1894). An interview on the PBS website for Kate Chopin says, I think she was much more interested in the excitement, the civilization that came in her circle of intellectual friends. That was freedom, the freedom to explore ideas† (PBS, 1999). Kate was neither a feminist nor a suffragist, she said so. She was nonetheless a woman who took women extremely seriously. She never doubted the womans ability to be strong. She came from a long line of strong women whom she loved and respected, owing to the affiliation with her great-grandmother, grandmother, and mother. She had strong intellectual women friends. Her lack of interest in feminism and suffrage did not have anything to do with a lack of confidence in women, nor did it have a lot to do with a lack of desire for freedom. She simply had a different understanding of freedom. She saw freedom as much more a matter of spirit, soul, and character than anything else, of living your life within the constraints that the world makes [or] your God offers you, because all of us do live within constraints. There is no indication that â€Å"she regretted her marriage, or regretted being a mother† (PBS, 1999). Early 1970s was the period thriving with womens rights movements, and Kate Chopin was one leading contributor to the said phenomenon. She contributed a lot through her writings about women, daytime dramas, the feminine mystique, women’s liberation, Mars vs. Venus, self-help and commentary on open marriages. You can see how Kate Chopin’s life event (train accident, A Widow, and Freedom for Women) influenced her fictions through The Story of an Hour. One of the main events in the story is a man’s loss, namely Mrs. Mallard’s husband. Josephine, Mrs. Mallard’s sister, brought the sad message that there was a railroad disaster and of those listed as killed included Brently Mallard, who was Mrs. Mallard’s husband. In Kate’s life, there had been a similar loss. That someone was her father who passed away in a railroad accident in 1855. Furthermore, Mrs. Mallard is in due course assumed to be a widow, but readers will soon find out that Mr. Mallard is alive. In Kate’s life, her father had widowed her mother. Both had experienced what it’s like to be a widow but of course, the response to the loss may entirely be different. In the end, before she learnt of Brently’s return from the accident, Louise died of heart disease of joy that kills. This could suggest that she had a moment of monstrous joy, which consumed her and overwhelmed her to death. Perhaps Chopin would just let Louise die instead of seeing Brently again, causing her to remain imprisoned and be confined to her husband’s hands. Lastly, in The Story of An Hour, Chopin made no suggestion to the readers that Mrs. Mallard was sorry for her husband’s loss. Instead, she uttered under her breath, â€Å"free, free, and free! † which suggests how happy Mrs. Mallard was to have lost her husband, because she now has freedom of herself. The joy she feels after regaining her freedom is something which consumes her. In Kate’s life, a lot of her work mentioned the rise in the rights of women. She experienced a period where there was a decline in those rights and women were deprived of public needs like education, the right to vote, the right to property and their children. Those events drove her to write the kind of feminist text she did instead of dedicating herself to other themes. As observed, literature can bring us to the world of the author. Literary works reflect the time, state of mind, and the life of the author. By understanding the connection between Kate Chopin and Mrs. Mallard in the short story, The Story of an Hour, it can be confirmed that the novel portrayed a reference to Kate Chopin’s life since most of the events (train accident, A Widow, and Freedom for Women) in Louise’s life are similar to, or at least greatly influenced by her own. References Chopin, K. (1894). One Story. PBS (Director). (1999). Kate Chopin: A Re-Awakening [Motion Picture].

Coping Mechanisms in Tim OBriens The Things They Carried Essay

During the Vietnam war, soldiers were not exposed to the traditional coping mechanisms of our American society, as illustrated in Tim Obrien's The Things They Carried. These men were forced to discover and invent new ways to deal with the pressures of war, using only their resources while in the Vietnamese jungle. It was not possible for any soldier to carry many items or burdens with them, but if something was a necessity, a way was found to carry it, and coping mechanisms were a necessity to survive the war. Anti-depressants, psychiatrists, massages...there are many different things offered in American society today to help individuals fight the stress of life. People are willing to pay hundreds of dollars for medicine and treatments that promise to give them a better life. They will spend hours of their time at a masseuse or a psychiatrist in constant search for relief from the lives they live. During the Vietnam War, however, soldiers were not exposed to any of these traditional "coping mechanisms". Instead, these men were forced to discover and invent new ways to deal with the pressures of war, using only their resources while in the Vietnamese jungle. It was not possible for any soldier to carry many items or burdens with them, but if something was a necessity, a way was found to carry it, and coping mechanisms were a necessity to survive the war. Each soldier had a personal effect, story, or process that helped him wake up each morning and go to battle once again, and it was these personal necessities that enabled men to return home after the war. Stress was caused by the war itself and the continual conditions of battle, as well as the knowledge and guilt of killing another ... ... could not help themselves, they were not going to be helped. If struggle were encountered, men had personalized ways to reconnect with the real world, and if a tragedy were encountered which affected the entire company, they also found a combined way to cope with this pressure. The priorities of men during the war shifted greatly toward emotional connections to people and events other than the war, and it was these connections that helped them survive and return home. Coping with the stress and burden of war is not an easy task for anyone, yet in The Things they Carried, O'Brien depicts men dealing and coping as much as they can, using only their primeval resources. They learn how to cope with the barest necessities in life, and they learn how to make use of the smallest opportunities to obtain the most relief and joy from every moment in life.

The Place I Have Visited for Holiday

The Place I Have Visited For Holiday Last Chinese New Year would be my first one week break after entering the life of a college student. It was such a pleasant relieve because I do not think I could take another pressure after my mid-term examination. My friends from other colleges were also having their break from college so all of us decided to go for a short trip to Pulau Pinang. There were a total of nine people including myself. Originally, we planned to take the train to Pulau Pinang but they were out of tickets due to the festive celebration.So we took the bus instead. On our way there, the bus made a pit stop at Tapah. Most of my friends went down because it was just so cold on the bus but I decided to stay in. As the bus started to continue the journey to Pulau Pinang, I realised that my friends were not on the bus. And then I received a phone call from one of my friends saying that they were left behind. I quickly went to the driver to ask him to pull over so that my frien ds could catch up and get on the bus. Luckily, they were not too far behind.The journey took about six hours due to heavy rain. We reached Butterworth at around dawn. After that, we had to take the ferry to cross over to other side to get to Batu Ferringhi, Pulau Pinang. We were all really excited to finally arrive in Pulau Pinang but exhausted at the same time because of the long journey. So we decided to straightaway go to the guest house and check in. We spent the rest of the afternoon getting some rest before heading out to the beach which is just in front of the place we were staying at.After enjoying the view and playing some volleyball at the beach, we went for dinner at Gurney Drive. There was a wide variety of food to choose from. Each and every one of us bought different kinds of food then we exchange with each other and taste them. The food there was very delicious and tasty. We even took away some, in case we get hungry later. Then all of us went for a walk at the Ferrin ghi Night Market. There were so many tourists walking around too. We stopped by Sixty Nine Mansion to have some drinks before we head back to our guest house.The next day we checked out around noon and we took a train back home. We reached Kuala Lumpur safely later that night. In conclusion of our short trip to Pulau Pinang, it was truly a memorable experience. Pulau Pinang is definitely one of the most beautiful cities in Malaysia. Pulau Pinang is also an exciting place to visit because it has so many attractions to offer. There are so many things to see and so many other things to do. All in all, Pulau Pinang is surely an amazing place to go for a short trip or vacation.

My Marriage Proposal

As many American girls, I have grown up dreaming of my wedding day. I pictured myself in a stunning, white gown, standing next to someone who resembled the black Ken doll, the male Barbie. I would vision a crowd of friends and family that were there to see me enter into a never ending fairytale. For some reason, I always left the most important part out. Which is, having the man that God created just for me ask me to marry him. I experienced a life defining moment on January 15, 2004. That was the day that Demetrius, also known as the most perfect man in the world, asked me to marry him. The weather that day was so nice, the sun was shining, and the air was fresh and crisp. We decided to take a walk in the park to admire the scenery. I did notice that Demetrius’s smile was a little wider than normal, and I assumed he was up to something. I had no idea of what he was about to do. When he asked if we could sit on the bench so he could give me a foot massage, I was positive that something was about to happen. I went along with him, anxious to see what he had in store. About twenty minutes passed before he casually asked â€Å"where do you see us in five years? † As I thought of the answer to that question, he stared right into my eyes. I answered, â€Å"Happy no matter where just happy. That’s when he gave me a soft kiss on the lips and dropped to one knee. I closed my eyes and thought wow, is this really happing. I was in shock. When I opened my eyes to look at Demetrius, he had pulled the ring out of his pocket and pushed it towards me. Alisha, will you marry me? † he asked. He anxiously waited for an answer while I sat there speechless. He finally interrupted the chaos that was going through my mind by saying, â€Å"Well? † I stumbled across the words, â€Å"Of course. † That was such a great day. I knew, without a doubt, that this was the man that I am supposed to marry. This is the man that I will grow with, spiritually, emotionally, and physically. I praise God for sending such a wonderful person into my life.

10 Ways to Turn Your Part Time Job Into a Full Time Job

10 Ways to Turn Your Part Time Job Into a Full Time Job You’ve got a great part-time or contract gig with a company you love. Maybe it suited you best at the time you were hired, or maybe you just love the company and wanted to get your foot in the door. Either way, you’re ready to try moving up the ladder and getting a more permanent position. Here are 10 strategies to get you started on the path to turning your part time job into a full time job. 1. Listen to the bossYou’re at a meeting, and your boss expresses a concern or unveils a new goal. Quietly start doing everything you can to show her serious results in making that goal a reality. As soon as you’ve got something to show, or some serious momentum, clue her in on your efforts. You may just blow the rest of the team out of the water.2. HustlePut a post-it on your desk, or, you know, a notification on your phone, that says â€Å"everyone else is working harder.† Let that scare you for a second, but don’t let it be true. If you want to rest on full-time laurels, you have to hustle 10x  harder to achieve them. Come early, stay late, get involved. Prove that you’re an asset by working harder, doing more, and showing more results. How else do you think you’ll get hired for good?3. Get creativeDon’t just do your project, turn it in, and shut down until you get the next one. Don’t just focus on the one aspect of the company that lands in your lap on a part-time basis. Try thinking about how your piece of the puzzle fits in with the rest of the company, and try to keep the big picture in mind. If you can show not just the value of your own work, but that you have a good sense of the company as a whole, you’ll distinguish yourself among the other freelancers and temporary employees.4. Be better than you are on paperMaybe your resume-worthy experience is kind of thin, but you really get what’s going on here, in this field or in this company. Prove it. Show you’re wise beyond y our laundry list of accomplishments. Show your talent and your drive. If you prove yourself to be extra insightful, your boss won’t care what’s on your resume when it comes time to make hiring decisions.5. Be proactiveIf you want to graduate to full-time, you should make your boss feel like you already are full-time. That means going above and beyond on every project, insinuating yourself into the most important discussions, proving that you’re already an asset and part of the team. Going the extra mile now will make it very easy for your boss to see you in that rosy full-time light when it’s time to make decisions.6. Speak upDon’t just meekly submit your work. Submit your work with insightful feedback, or the great ideas you’ve got for how to help the company progress. Showing your investment in your team and the work you’re doing can go a long way toward getting you a full-time gig.7. Sell itIf you believe in the company, sell it. G et out on social media, spread the word. Be such a good spokesperson that the company is terrified to lose you, lest you focus your excellent attentions somewhere else. If you believe in them, they’ll believe in you. It’s mutually beneficial!8. TeamworkDon’t just distinguish yourself and go about doing anything necessary to achieve your personal goals. Nobody likes a mercenary. Be a team player instead. Don’t just prove to your boss that you’re essential, make sure your team knows it as well. Stand together and you’ll be stronger for it.9. Play the long gameAs much as possible, show long-term interest in the company’s strategy and goals for the future, and indeed the future of the industry. That means staying abreast of trends and innovations, and constantly engaging in how to advance the company in the field. Even if you don’t get this particular full-time gig, you’ll be an asset in the next place you look.10. Self-star tCome early, stay late, get involved. Don’t go to a meeting without having a few  suggestions or ideas. Make an effort with every project, on every team. Show you’re  more or less full-time already; hiring you permanently would be an inevitable  formality. Sometimes it’s the little things and the extra above-and-beyond details  that will really make a difference in how you’re valued.

Labor Relations Project and Presentation Essays

Labor Relations Project and Presentation Essays Labor Relations Project and Presentation Essay Labor Relations Project and Presentation Essay Labor Relations is a really delicate portion of a concern that should be decently reviewed and studied before implementing or altering a concerns behavior. Happy Trails is a moderate-sized company that is seeking to minimise cost to go on to function its renters with a cost effectual service. Unfortunately cost has to be reviewed in all possible ways and schemes. We will be covering a few of the advantages and disadvantages of unionising. A recommendation will be given to assist steer Happy Trails. A reappraisal will besides be conducted of the issues a brotherhood might raise during the forming attempt. The stairss that should be covered by the LPN’s will besides be presented. We will so show the labour pattern that the LPN’s should avoid. We will so rede the independent life place direction on what we feel they should make. We will cover the statements and defence the infirmary will lift to the brotherhoods forming issues. Then we will take a expression at what the company must make if they resist unionization. We will so see what unjust labour patterns need to be avoided by direction. We will finalise this paper by reexamining what activities Happy Trail direction should and should non prosecute in. Advantages A ; Disadvantages The deliberation to unionise. or non. is a complicated stance. There are advantages and disadvantages on both sides of the determination. With a determination to unionise. the LPNs would be protected and guaranteed rewards and certain work conditions. On the other manus. Unionizing instantly creates an inauspicious relationship between members and the employer sometimes out weighing the benefits. In the event that a group of employees has a community of involvements coupled with concerns about their intervention as an employee by an employer for any ground. the employees have the right under the National Labor Relations Act ( NLRA ) . ( Bennett-Alexander A ; Hartman. 2007 ) . Recommendation In this instance. the recommendation for the LPN’s would be to unionise. This would protect them from being over ( or under ) worked. insure that proper rewards and entitlements were established. every bit good as brand sure Happy Trails was non anticipating or giving RN degree attention through the lesser qualified LPNs. Stairss to Unionize For the group of LPN’s at Happy Trails. the first measure would be to reach the local health care brotherhood representative mentioned in the overview. This would be a perfect get downing resource for information. inquiries and replies. This is besides the measure in which the brotherhood should go clear about what issues are of import and expected to be addressed by the corporate bargaining. For the LPN’s at Happy Trails. their issues should be concentrated on rewards. minimal hours worked. overtime footings. benefits. every bit good as clearly understanding the range of their expected responsibilities. Second. the LPN’s would necessitate to make up ones mind to fall in an already established industry brotherhood. or to make a brotherhood of their ain. In either instance. a sufficient figure of mandate cards ( or request signatures ) must be acquired. and the brotherhood must be voted in during a brotherhood representation election. or by inquiring the employer to voluntarily acknowledge the brotherhood. The National Labor Relations Board supervises and the brotherhood election. and certifies the consequences ( Bennett-Alexander A ; Hartman. 2007 ) . The last measure is to win a strong brotherhood contract. The LPNs in this instance would necessitate to negociate rewards paid. overtime payment footings. benefits. and minimal expected hours worked. Any brotherhood is merely every bit valuable as the contract agreed upon. Unfair Labor Practices that should be Avoided by the LPNs By and large. most unjust labour patterns are committed by the brotherhood or the employer. The merely unjust labour pattern the LPNs should avoid is to non seek to hale their fellow workers to fall in the brotherhood. Should Happy Trails Oppose Unionization? Although unionisation of groups like nurses is typically non-traditional. over the past 10 old ages at that place have been many registered nurses’ groups that have unionized across the state because of the demand for their employment and the deficit of nurses. Because of the demand to hold every American be able to afford health care. accredited practical nurses are in demand more because of their lower rewards. Happy Trails should non oppose unionisation. There are many other health care installations in the country who are working with brotherhoods Happy Trails would profit by negociating with a brotherhood besides. Because of the unhappy nurses at Happy Trails. seeking to barricade unionisation would likely be the worse measure for the organisation take. Employees may experience that management’s seeking to pull strings them and this can diminish employee morale. The nurses may travel to any of the other installations to seek work and representation by the brotherhood for better working conditions. If Happy Trails loses more nurses. it may be difficult to enroll new workers. Stairss to Defy Unionization Tacticss and schemes must be implemented in order to defy unionisation. One scheme that has been used in the yesteryear is to engage consulting houses. besides known as brotherhood fellows ( Bennett-Alexander A ; Hartmann. 2007 ) . These houses use methods that discourage employees from voting to hold brotherhood representation. This scheme is a dearly-won one and should merely be used if basic stairss are non working. One of import measure to avoiding unionisation is through employee dealingss ( Thomas A ; Associates. 2009 ) . Employee dealingss plans have the employees best involvement in head. An effectual plan will assist employee/employer communicating. which can assist decide any issues or dissatisfaction. If step one does non halt brotherhood forming. the following measure is to forestall the brotherhood from deriving employee support. Throughout this measure the company should inform the LPN’s of the cons of subscribing a brotherhood mandate card. If the employees are informed and feel valuable to the company they will be less likely to subscribe a brotherhood card. Information can be provided through meetings. letters. and bulletin boards. If an election run begins because 30 per centum of employees signed cards. the following measure is to decide any employee issues and to lawfully convert employees that their best involvements are served by rejecting the brotherhood. Happy Trails would necessitate to construct a strong run and reenforce the value of the bing benefits and the first-class on the job conditions. Arguments against Unionization by Happy Trails Arguments Happy Trails can utilize against unionisation include the followers: Funding the workers’ wage if a brotherhood exists Relationships between employee and employer may be threatened with a brotherhood Union dues paid by employees is taken from their payroll check The brotherhood can non vouch anything What unjust labour patterns need to be avoided by direction? a ) Management should non seek to command or interfere with brotherhood personal businesss. They should non seek to acquire their favorite/certain campaigner to be elected to the brotherhood office. B ) Management should non know apart against employees who join or is in favour of brining in a brotherhood. They should non know apart against employees who exercise their rights under the jurisprudence ( e. g. . ending. bumping. or giving hapless working agendas to such employees ) . ( Bennett-Alexander A ; Hartman. 2007. pg 666 ) degree Celsius ) Management should non interfere. endanger or keep their employees from exerting their rights under the labour jurisprudence statute law. for illustration. they should non state employees that they are non allowed to hold brotherhoods or they will be punished or terminated if they do conveying a brotherhood ) . vitamin D ) Management should non decline to dicker with the brotherhood. And they should non decline to dicker in good religion. Happy Trails’ direction squad may prosecute in any figure of activities during the unionisation. Which of the following would you rede? Explain why or why non? Activities during Unionization Promote LPNs. offer fillips. and put some into leading and direction functions. Unionization can be a long procedure but is rather good for the LPN’s. Unions are typically formed because employees are unhappy with their wage. working conditions. or hapless benefits. For that ground the activity direction should prosecute in is to actively advance LPN’s. offer fillips. and put some into leading and direction functions. This is the best maneuver to utilize and could profit Happy Trails every bit good as the LPN’s. However. the company has to do certain the tactics do non interfere with the employees’ attempts to unionise. Raises and chances must be given to everyone. non merely brotherhood protagonists ; otherwise the National Labor Relations Act ( NLRA ) could see the act as illegal and as unjust labour patterns. Equally long as the employer deals in good religion no jurisprudence has been broken. Tell employees salary additions must discontinue to finance the corporate bargaining understanding. This option is non feasible therefore I do non urge it. Using scare tactics and endangering to discontinue salary additions will make more injury than good. Strikes could happen. which would hold a negative impact on the company. The LPN’s shouldn’t feel like they are being punished for traveling with the brotherhood. Explain current employee benefits to the LPN’s. comparing them to brotherhood promises. Though this option is enlightening it is seasonably. There are cons to being in a brotherhood such as dues and possible work stoppages. Supplying information to employees could rock their determination particularly if they are non familiar with the brotherhood patterns. However. overall the brotherhood has benefited employees. which is why this method could be more uneconomical than effectual. Most brotherhood members have better benefits and pay than non-union members. The LPN’s are cognizant of the superior rewards and benefits other LPN’s in the countries have received hence there is non much to explicate. Threaten to shut installation due to brotherhood run Bing that Happy Trails is a wellness attention installation. shuting the installation would non be practical. It would besides be considered favoritism against employees if they closed the installation down due to the brotherhood run. The NLRA does non let favoritism against employees for take parting in brotherhood activities. By remaining unfastened. they have the upper manus and it would give them more chance to explicate the disadvantages of a brotherhood to their employees. Aid in circulation of antiunion requests. During a unionizing run an employer can non help in antiunion requests. Helping in this activity could be considered intervention by the employer. Participating in these activities is illegal and viewed as unjust labour patterns. Counter brotherhood exaggerated claims on circulars. We recommend the direction non to direct the circulars with overdone counter offers to brotherhood claims. The direction is non supposed to promise pay additions or other benefits if employees don’t fall in the brotherhood. ( Bennett-Alexander A ; Hartman. 2007. pg 673 ) And they are non supposed to electronic mail. station or go around any intimidating letters or cusps ( circulars ) . The direction can nevertheless give wage raises or benefits. but they have to give them all across the boards. non merely to the brotherhood protagonists. However. this tactic is limited if the direction decides to make this after the brotherhood has applied for the certification or has given notice to the direction to dicker its first understanding. State employees they do non necessitate to speak to brotherhood organisers. that they may vote against the brotherhood. and that the independent life place does non welcome the brotherhood. We recommend the direction to speak with the employees. and state them that they have the option to fall in the brotherhood. but it’s non compulsory for them to fall in. They can besides state the employees that the independent life place does non welcome the brotherhood. but if the employees vote for the brotherhood. the direction will follow the good religion bargaining understanding. Solicit employees to bespeak the return of their mandate cards. We would urge the direction non to inquire employees to return the mandate cards ( badges ) that mean you are allowing them go. Employers can non endanger to fire. lay-off or end employees for back uping or fall ining a brotherhood. Tell employees they may be replaced if they vote for the brotherhood. We would urge the direction non to state employees that they will be replaced if they vote for the brotherhood. That would intend the direction is endangering the employees. Management can’t threaten to fire. lay-off or end employees for back uping or fall ining a brotherhood. Entreaty to the employees to get the better of the brotherhood. We would urge the direction to speak with the employees and state them non to vote in favour of the brotherhood. The independent life place will make everything possible to raise the rewards and benefits every bit much as possible if the brotherhood is defeated. The direction has to be careful non to negatively act upon the employees against the brotherhood. The direction can besides state the employees. that if the brotherhood is organized. we will handle the corporate bargaining procedure with full religion and non follow any unjust labour patterns. The direction besides can province that we will follow precisely what the jurisprudence requires. Statisticss for brotherhood members in United States and California ( Statistics. 2013 ) : [ movie ] Decision When doing immense alterations that change an employees. benefits. wage. rights. and duties it is really of import and should be done really carefully. A company must retrieve how of import these alterations are to people and what issues could be created if the employees feel they are non being taken into consideration. When an employee feels violated they can travel to extreme step like going portion of a brotherhood. A brotherhood can go a immense load for a company and cost employees money. Many of the grounds why employees look at brotherhoods can normally be avoided and handled in house. Employees should besides retrieve that a brotherhood cost money and they should seek for a brotherhood that is worth their money. Unfortunately sometimes employees end up fring more than winning when they become portion of a brotherhood. If the people in the brotherhood are non making their occupation and looking out for all employees so they might merely be passing their money and non acquiring what they deserve. Mentions: Bennett-Alexander. D. D. . A ; Hartman. L. P. ( 2007 ) . Employment jurisprudence for concern ( 5th ed. ) . Boston. MA: McGraw-Hill. Ch. 14-Labor Law. Pg. 666 A ; 673. Labor Union Statistics. Retrieved on February 17. 2013. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bls. gov/ro9/unionca. htm Thomas A ; Associates ( 2009 ) . Avoiding Unions. Retrieved February 18. 2013 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. employersattorneys. com/employment-law/California-employer-how-to-

Why Adding Salt to Water Increases the Boiling Point

Why Adding Salt to Water Increases the Boiling Point If you add salt to water, you increase its boiling point. The temperature will increase about a one-half degree Celsius for every 58 grams of dissolved salt  per kilogram of water.  This is an example of boiling point elevation. The property isnt exclusive to water. It occurs any time you add a non-volatile solute (such as salt) to a solvent (e.g. water). But How Does It Work? Water boils when the molecules are able to overcome the vapor pressure of the surrounding air to move from the liquid phase to the gas phase. A few different processes occur when you add a solute that increases the amount of energy (heat) needed for water to make the transition. When you add salt to water, sodium chloride dissociates into sodium and chlorine ions. These charged particles alter the intermolecular forces between water molecules. In addition to affecting the hydrogen bonding between water molecules, there is an ion-dipole interaction to consider. Every water molecule is a dipole, which means one side (the oxygen side) is more negative and the other side (the hydrogen side) is more positive. The positively-charged sodium ions align with the oxygen side of a water molecule, while the negatively charged chlorine ions align with the hydrogen side of a water molecule. The ion-dipole interaction is stronger than the hydrogen bonding between the water molecules, so more energy is needed to move water away from the ions and into the vapor phase. Even without a charged solute, adding particles to water raises the boiling point because part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles, not just solvent (water) molecules. The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid. The more salt (or any solute) added to water, the more you raise the boiling point. The phenomenon depends on the number of particles formed in the solution. Freezing point depression is another colligative property that works the same way, so if you add salt to water you lower its freezing point as well as raise its boiling point. The Boiling Point of NaCl When you dissolve salt in water, it breaks into sodium and chloride ions. If you boiled all the water off, the ions would recombine to form solid salt. However, there is no danger of boiling the NaCl. The boiling point of sodium chloride is 2575 degrees F or 1413 degrees C. Salt, like other ionic solids, has an extremely high boiling point.

Regulation of the Internet and Democratic Values and Ideals Essay

Regulation of the Internet and Democratic Values and Ideals - Essay Example In the age of internet, it has already become easy for people to keep in touch with each other because online communication has become a potential information resource (McQuail and Siune, 1998, p.76). Information has become a central foundation in the technological revolution (MacKay and O’Sullivan, 1999, p.122). With this, communication has become so easy that even an individual who is in the other part of the world could still converse to the other side of it with relatives or friends via social networking sites such as Skype, Facebook, Twitter, Friendster and many more. It has become so easy to connect with other people nowadays especially in making friends and increasing the number of contacts. In fact, the recent development in communication via internet and fast speed broadband connectivity paves the way for connecting people. Internet therefore has become a social phenomenon affecting culture (Atton, 2004, p.2; Slevin, 2000, p.1). However, while connecting people remain s a significant advantage of the internet, the issue regarding safety remains an alarming priority as one of the potential arguments for the regulation of online activities. Various crimes are already committed within the internet including but not limited to physical or violent harm. Transactions could be faster if they have to be generated online. In this regard, there are bank, credit card and other related transactions already made via online deals or the internet. The purpose is for convenience and safety. However, safety could be such an understatement considering the fact that hackers are flooding over the internet plus there is a remarkable increase in the number of viral programs, malwares and strategies to secure passwords and other relevant confidential information. This is another remarkable reason and a significant argument for the regulation of the internet that at some point may also potentially concern with protecting the identity of an individual and disclosure of h ighly sensitive and valuable information. However, this only proves that censorship is essential in capitalist democracies (Petley, 2009, p.1). In the advent of terroristic attacks and their dangerous output on the public, the UK and US implemented anti-terroristic campaigns and even regulation over the use of the internet and control any activities in the virtual world. All the intentions in these related activities are in line with providing the safety which the public deserves to experience. However, behind this concern, there are other forms of issues that need also to be considered. This generally includes the consideration of democratic values and ideal

Art 123 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art 123 - Essay Example The theme is naturalistic. There is a spirit of expectation. Masaccio modeled his figures as solid as statues to be realistic, by using strong light in particular areas to give shadow effect in his figures, complying with the principle of Renaissance along with naturalism. The featured background is done with linear perspective of mountains and temple structure that is drawn symmetrically. Renaissance artists, writers and thinkers are said to have respect for order, symmetry and proportion. In addition to this are the realistic facial expressions of the figures. For example, the face of St. Peter, in his effort to bend over and take the money away from the fish's mouth, has turned red. At the right side, the tax collector is illustrated with a satisfied expression on his face while St. Peter hands him over the coin. The actions, gestures and expressions here are what real people express in given circumstances. Figures are dressed in Greek's fashion, in line with the biblical description of dress code during the first century, with tunics tied at the waist, and cloaks wrapped over their left shoulder, around the back, and clasped at the front. On the other hand, Caravaggio's The Calling of St. Matthew is a Baroque art, as evident by the visual representation of the painting itself, using exaggerated position of the figures which is a principle of Baroque art.

Employment Law - Problem Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employment Law - Problem Question - Essay Example In the first count, Diana, a waitress who has just had a baby, is anxious about how she will manage her baby care and her work so as to plan her schedules. She approaches Christian who dismisses her that he is not involved in her issues and that she will have to cope with her current schedule at work. She has worked at the firm for three years. The second count involves Essie who has been working in the firm for the past two years. She has not been in good terms with Christian because of his continuous jock over Essie’s driving skills. She has never liked the jokes, has made this clear to Christian, and has asked him to stop. Christian however continues to make the joke. A statement that Essie ‘might kill someone one day due to her incompetence’ makes her angry and she leaves her job. In the third count, Fred, who has been working with Christian for 10 years, is approaching 65 years. He would like to work beyond the retirement age as he believes that he is still c ompetent but Fred believes that it is not safe to carry plates past 65 years and recommending that Fred leaves at 65 years. Rules One of the applicable rules in the case is the right of a woman to a flexible schedule after maternity leave. This is stipulated in the employment rights act of the year 1996 that allows the employee to apply for such varied conditions. For an employee to qualify for such rights as stipulated by the act, he or she must have worked for the employer for a period of two years and two months. There must also be the need for such change in schedule that must be primarily parental. A parent must for example be seeking the flexibility due to responsibility over a child who is younger than six years or an abnormal minor. Unless the employer can sight rational commercial arguments against such reschedules, the employee remains entitled to an agreed upon terms that remains binding (Chandler, 2003, p. 310). Another applicable principle in the case is the dismissal o f an employee. This, subject to the age discrimination principles of the employment rights act, can be observed from two perspectives; if the termination is done before retirement age and if the termination is done after the employee’s retirement age. Though the act provides that an employer have the right to dismiss an employee after the retirement age is attained, there should be an agreement between the parties over the termination agreement. This means that the employer should notify the employee of the intention to terminate the employment contact and the termination is only legal if effected after and not on or before the retirement date (Sargeant, 2006, p. 200, 201). Harassment is another applicable rule of law to the case. Harassments at the workplace include all forms of advances that are not welcomed by the recipient. Muir defines harassment from two perspectives, â€Å"quid pro quod claims and hostile environment claims† (Muir, 2003, p. 104). Quid pro quo re fers to those advancements that made with promise of rewards to the recipient, such as demand for sexual relations in exchange of promotion or an employment opportunity. Hostility in the working environment on the other hand refers to actions that are not acceptable to the recipient but are initiated by other parties at the workplace. Such an action may be â€Å"discriminatory that it affects job performance, or is intimidating, hostile, or offensive†

IPhone Product Sales Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

IPhone Product Sales Plan - Research Paper Example With the said concept as the main weapon, optimization of the features of the product can be considered as the fundamental perspective. Prior to the development of the iPhone, the mobile industry had a rough journey in terms of sales. There is a clear dependence on the network providers. Mobile phones were even viewed then as a tool to achieve services from the said mobile network. In the said view, mobile phones were cheap and features were limited (Vogelstein, 1998). In 2006, there had been a rapid increase in the number of mobile users and subscribers estimated at 2 billion all over the world. Another trend that started in the same period is the sales of mobile phones based on the technology or the features which became the onset for the development of technologies related to mobile cameras, wireless capabilities, memory capacities and other concepts that became weapons of competitive advantage (Reed Electronics Research, 2002). Basically, the development of the iPhone took advantage of the said trends and developments in the mobile industry. The technology presented by the iPhone also considered by authorities as a wave that enabled the mobile phone companies to dictate sales on the basis of the product capabilities rather than the services that the mobile networks are offering (Vogelstein, 1998). B.Flagship products The product iPhone is from the Apple Inc., a company known for product innovation and product exclusiveness which enable the company to set a price different from competitors. Apple Inc. is recognized for products such as the Mac computer, iPod, iTunes and the latest innovation iPad (Apple Inc. Website, 2010).

Integrated Campaign Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Integrated Campaign Strategy - Essay Example In the car market, businesses face stiff competition, since every product has to match the current tastes and preferences of the consumer. Similarly, different classes of and demographically varying groups will exhibit different wants; thus, the product needs customization to reach the various consumer groups effectively and efficiently. The following defines a brief protocol that Zamda Motors could use to competitively, sell the new â€Å"2.2†two seater car to the youths. Zamda motors started manufacturing vehicles in the year, 1970. Since then, the company has little pride to show from the market, due to stiff competition. The company meets competition from fellow Japanese companies, for example, Toyota, and Honda. The competitors have large market share following tremendous growth over the period they survived in the market. Toyota and Honda draw customers closer due to the satisfaction that their products offer. Therefore, Zamda Company needs to analyze the features that e nable competitors to rule in the market and strategically define and acquire a profitable market share. The company must decide to increase features to the model it wishes to introduce in the market. Therefore, Zamda decides to penetrate the market with the current two seater sporty model, which will lure youths into the buying process. The outreach targets precisely, male and females ranking at the ages of 22 to 34. The company elaborates on the fuel effectiveness of the car thus drawing a consideration that, the customers’ expenditure patterns do not increase in relation to maintenance of the purchase. Zamda Motor Company will identify the target customer, and persuade them to place purchases following the outstanding features installed in the vehicle model. The â€Å"2.2† car model is one of the best cars in the current American market relating to the dynamic change that is forcing consumers to seek comfort, driving experience, and sense belonging to a certain group of the society. The company is targeting the needs of the American youths in all genders, to offer satisfaction. Zamda Company assures the customers that the vehicle model targets to suit their needs satisfactorily. The company defines the car’s features as sporty, fuel efficiency, durability, considerable price, and modernized to the current technologies. Zamda states clearly that this is the only model that delivers satisfaction to the current needs above the vehicles offered by rival companies. The company’s researchers reveal that, many youths in America seek to own new cars, but financial capabilities deprive them of the opportunity. The company further derives information that, most of the available cars enter the American market with considerably higher prices such that, the willing buyer lacks the ability to place an order. Zamda identifies that, despite the history of competitors, most of them target the rich customers, aging, and adults at the age of 35 year s. Therefore, the youths who also seek driving experiences to acquire comfort tend to remain unattended to despite the fact that they constitute to the better portion of the population. To that extent, the company seeks to satisfy this market segment, which lacks consideration from other key players. The company identified that, most of the youths at the ages of 22

IPhone Product Sales Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

IPhone Product Sales Plan - Research Paper Example With the said concept as the main weapon, optimization of the features of the product can be considered as the fundamental perspective. Prior to the development of the iPhone, the mobile industry had a rough journey in terms of sales. There is a clear dependence on the network providers. Mobile phones were even viewed then as a tool to achieve services from the said mobile network. In the said view, mobile phones were cheap and features were limited (Vogelstein, 1998). In 2006, there had been a rapid increase in the number of mobile users and subscribers estimated at 2 billion all over the world. Another trend that started in the same period is the sales of mobile phones based on the technology or the features which became the onset for the development of technologies related to mobile cameras, wireless capabilities, memory capacities and other concepts that became weapons of competitive advantage (Reed Electronics Research, 2002). Basically, the development of the iPhone took advantage of the said trends and developments in the mobile industry. The technology presented by the iPhone also considered by authorities as a wave that enabled the mobile phone companies to dictate sales on the basis of the product capabilities rather than the services that the mobile networks are offering (Vogelstein, 1998). B.Flagship products The product iPhone is from the Apple Inc., a company known for product innovation and product exclusiveness which enable the company to set a price different from competitors. Apple Inc. is recognized for products such as the Mac computer, iPod, iTunes and the latest innovation iPad (Apple Inc. Website, 2010).

Law of contract Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of contract - Case Study Example In this scenario,there are two questions which arise.First,is the price of 100 listed in the newspaper advertisement binding on Wedding Heaven in the event that they sell the dress.Secondly,does the delay of John cause him in law to have accepted the contract offer of the lower amount of 150In order to give effective analysis to this question it is important to look at relevant Irish case law on this issue in order to determine whether or not such actions constitute a binding contract enforceable in law. There are a number of leading cases in both the Irish jurisdiction and other common law jurisdictions, notably England, which need to be assessed in order to consider this question.This essay shall first analyse the formative components which are necessary for the formation of a contract. Secondly, after assessing the relevant law, these principles will be applied to the current scenario above. Finally, and in conclusion, this paper shall decide whether or not a claim exists in contr act law in the scenario again either Wedding Heaven, or John the DJ. We now turn to the basic contract law principles which currently exist in Ireland.First, we must look at the relevant contract law principles on order to ascertain the current state of the law in Ireland. There are a number of requirements necessary for the formation of a valid contract. This includes offer and acceptance, an intention to create legal relations; and finally consideration. It is the first two elements which this paper shall concentrate on. Offer It is important at the outset to distinguish between and offer and a mere invitation to treat. An offer is when the seller sets out in certain terms what they propose to sell to the potential buyer. In essence, it is the final set of terms which, if accepted by the buyer, would create a valid contract. However, an invitation to treat is not a formal offer, but rather an indication of intent to enter negotiations. It is not possible to accept a mere invitation to treat in order to create a binding contract. Therefore it is important to ascertain the exact intent of any representation as to whether it is a formal offer or simply a declaration of intent. Such declarations may be considered as offers under statute1 or common law2. In general, advertisements are considered to be an invitation to treat. In the English case of C.A. Norgren Co. v Tech-nomarketing,3 Walton J refused a committal order against one of the defendants for allegedly breaching an undertaking given to the High Court that the defendants would not "make, offer for sale, sell or distribute" items that were subject to copyright.4 The defendants distributed a price list and brochure, including an item covered by the undertaking. Walton J. upheld the contention of the defendant that, generally, the distribution of advertising material constituted an invitation to treat and was therefore not an offer. In order to gauge the intention of the seller, this can either be express by way of direct words, or implied by his actions. It has previously been held in case law that a personal quotation of the price of goods was merely an invitation to treat.5 Further, it has also been held that a display of goods for sale with the price labels attached is in all probability only an invitation to treat, whether the products are in a shop window, on a store shelf or indeed in a self-service store6. One of the leading cases is that of Fisher v Bell7 where a shopkeeper displayed in a knife with a price ticket in his shop window. He was charged with offering a flick knife for sale in contravention of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959 s1. It was however held that the shopkeeper was not guilty because displaying the knife in the shop window amounted merely to an invitation to treat. Accordingly, the shopkeeper had not offered the knife for sale within the 1959 Act. Further, In the leading English case of Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

Modern Technology Essay Example for Free

Modern Technology Essay Since we are living in Informational century, there a lot of technological innovations were invented in order to make easier global connections. One of the most vital innovations is internet which was invented in twentieth century and developed in current century. It is very bizarre and incredible innovation because of its several beneficial and advantageous sides. First and foremost, internet is an important tool to make connections with all sides of the Earth. There are a lot of facilities to help us to make links to each other. One of them is email which makes opportunity for us to send and receive letters from our friends or colleagues in a few times. see more:technology making us lazy For instance, some one works in a big and prestigious company and he/she needs to send important information, such as meeting time, to his/her colleague. In this case email opportunity is very useful for everybody. In addition, everybody can utilize internet to earn money in order to create a new web site. By increasing the visitor to his/her web site creator can take percentage from the internet. On the other hand, there are a lot of trading web sites available to earn money. All bank systems are working with internet to send and receive money from other banks. Internet makes their works easier and decrease the delivery times of sending and receiving money. Finally, we can get hot news from internet about everything, such as daily news, political, sport news, when we want and where we want. Since it was invented wireless connection opportunities we are able to use internet everywhere. And moreover it makes us available to get information about everything every time. In conclusion, I would like to sum up and summarize again that internet is one of the most important innovations which makes our lives easy because of its several facilities. Email, earning money and getting news are very vital opportunities for everybody to make their life easier. nowadays our society has enjoyed the benefits of having modern technology.We are blessed with modern tools, which could perform to what seemed to be an impossible task in the past like retrieving information in a matter of seconds. However, this often comes with unforseen and undesirable consequences defeating the very objective in the first place. To my mind, modern technology is a bane than a boon. It cannot be denied that the technological improvement brings forth to us some advantages. Firstly, it helps man communicate local or oversea by writing email, telephone or mobile. A student , for instance, who is studying abroad can talk to his family by chatting and web cam rather than waiting for a hand writing letters. Secondly, the modern tools also support man in business and studying. It makes better condition to fulfill tasks faster and more convenient. For example, a student spend less time searching information and documents by clicking mouse on google rather than is stuck with many books in library. A business man can deal with his job by using laptop and internet whereas he can still enjoy holiday with his family. Nevertheless, for every solution technology provides twice as many problems are likely to cause. The modern technology is to some extent underlying causes of negative things in our society. Its Internet that provides an accessible medium for bad elements such as pornography, crimes and so on. the teenagers who are not conscious enough tend to imitate the sexual and violence clips and images on internet. A typical example of this is the massacre in an American school. A pupil killed his classmates by his father s gun simply because he only acted as a clip he saw. Moreover, the average rate of girls who are pregnant is very soon because of sexual images s influence. Modern technology is the key element for the change of lifestyle loosing the moral value. Man abuses on computer in all fields. They are lack of face- face communication and therefore the distance between the generations becomes farther. the old people feel lonely at home and far from their off springs who are too busy with computers. Thus, the stability of family are being broken day after day. In addition, energetic and meaningful lifestyle is being replaces by wasteful hours in front of computers. Man becomes lazy and isolated from their surroundings. In conclusion. similar to everything. modern technology has both advantages and drawbacks. I personally think that it depends on how we use the modern tools. People should aware of technologys role to solve its bad effects Today, Americans are faced with the increasing change of technology in our everyday life. Sometimes the change happens and we do not realize how it affects our lives. I think it is always a good idea to talk to someone that is older than yourself, like your grandparents to remind you of the times in their younger years. Hopefully, that will open your eyes to the changes we face in this generation and the generation to come. In this chapter, the author explores the relationship of changing technology to changes in both the environment and social institutions.

Technology improves life

Technology improves life Nowadays, people use the technology to make their life better, easier and more enjoyable. Also, the technology can make their society more convenient and safe. Without the technology the world wouldnt be what it`s today. the technology has made the world smaller and made things easier. According to the American heritage science dictionary Technology is the use of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems, especially in industry and commerce. Also, the specific methods, materials, and devices used to solve practical problems. (Houghton Mifflin Company 2005). One of the major benefits of technology is the great advances in medical science .It saves a lot of innocent lives and we cant dispensable it in medicine today. It discovers many serious diseases and find newer ways to cure them. Also, getting everything easily and faster .we can download from the internet any song, music and movie instead of buying them. Although there are many benefits of technology, what people do not understand is technology can be harmful to the society. Omar Bradley says If we continue to develop our technology without wisdom or prudence, our servant may prove to be our executioner. (Omar Bradley 1893-1981).In this essay, I would like to analyses how the technology can be harmful to the society. Laziness is a major side effect of technology in society. Who can remember when people had to go to the library to research for a topic or had to go morning to get news paper? When the Internet was introduced, people never thought it would be like today. Now , people are able to do everything in internet while they are sitting such as research ,getting the latest news , reading books and sending emails .Also, at the moment the lectures give assignment to the students, they do plagiarism instead of going to the library or doing by their own word. One of the effects of technology is cybercrime. Cybercrime is a crime related to any electronic device. According to James R. Richards Cybercrime is computers are responsible directly or indirectly for every aspect of our lives, from the operation of our cars to our personal banking to flow of date in our business. With the exponential rise in the legitimate uses of computers, it follows that there would be an inevitable increase in their ill egitimate use (James R. Richards, 1999). For example, hack the emails and the computers are the simplest crime of cybercrime. Also, one of the most popular crimes committed on the internet is attaching websites. In recent years, some teachers were hacked their computers by students to get the exam papers. Less motivated is the second effect of technology in society. Always people choose the easiest way to solve their problems and this led to less thought and work. The problem is if someone get in terrible no one will help him and this can make him frustrated and less motivated. Example of less motivated is students fail to do their work because they play games in their computer all the day instead of working on their lesson plan. Also, nowadays people start to use a technology way such as calculator to resolve mathematics exercises instead of using their brain. Less tolerant is the third effect of technology in society .Nowadays , productivity is the most important but the rights and the needs of workers have become less priority .Also, the workers have to do not just more work ,but also they have to work more faster .This strategies includes any methods for producing products. The problem is these equipments give employers something they want: cheap labor, make the job easier and create a need for fewer people. In this way, technology affects the society to become less tolerant. Therefore, people begin to expect these equipments to help them to solve their problems more faster. Refrences 1- Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005, The American Heritage Science Dictionary , 1st edition, Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. Available from : http://books.google.com/books?id=yKUagx8PB_ECprintsec=frontcoverdq=the+american+heritage+science#v=onepageq=f=false 2-Guy de la Bedoyere, 2005, The first computers, 1st edition, Published by Evans Brothers Limited. Available from : http://books.google.com/books?id=DPAnH6_3-UACprintsec=frontcoverdq=inauthor:%22Guy+de+la+Bedoyere%22#v=onepageq=f=false 3- James R. Richards, 1999 , Transnational criminal organizations ,cybercrime and money laundering .

Where I Rest My Head Essay -- Descriptive Essay, Descriptive Writing

This is the area where I rest my head. I'm not giving in to calling this "home" because home is where the heart is. I live in the "court district" of downtown Los Angeles. With the influx of the Yuppies, however, it is now called the "historic core," We are standing on the corner of Sixth and Broadway. On the south side of the street heading east there are only two office buildings, yet there are many shops. The first is a jewelry shop. Walking past, we find two clothing stores that sell inexpensive women's clothing. There is a nearby market owned by a brother and sister from Iran: Ben and Miriam. When I do purchase there, I often haggle with Ben and he will come down on the price of the item in question. I'm more acquainted with Ben than his sister since he, like me, is something of a jokester. Besides, he is much more honest than his younger sister who is so shrewd she would snatch the nickels from a dead man's eyes! Leaving the market we pass a gated alleyway and a little hole-in-the-wall of a store owned by a Korean family. I normally purchase breath mints and gum there, but that is all. They sell little knick knacks and odds and ends, but their main source of income is alcohol--they sell enough to get a small country drunk. Five more paces and we are at the lobby entrance of a residential building where I have lived since my parole, but that is another essay. As we pass the lobby we come to the Alta Med Health Center, manned by an extremely helpful and pretty woman named Rosa. When I have the time, I drop by to shoot the breeze and trade jokes and anecdotes with her. Right next to the health center is a shoe store owned by an aged Chinese couple, still trying to hold on to their long gone youth. Both dress fashionably y... ...r refurbished goods. Reaching the corner there is a coffee shop, owned by an old Korean woman. When I began my first semester at LATTC I would stop there and grab a cup of Joe. After a few weeks of seeing me on a constant basis, she began to question my coming and going. I explained to her, "I am a student." To which she replied (in broken English), "You good boy". Being diplomatic, I attempted to explain the politics of referring to a grown black man as "boy". Either not understanding or not caring, she chose to continue to refer to me as boy, so I stopped patronizing her shop. This ends our tour through Hell. It's funny. I kind of like this area because it reminds me of New York, but it lacks that "savoir-faire." It's more like "New York meets the third world", or what would have happened had the Spanish, and not the English, taken New Amsterdam from the Dutch.

History of Musical Films Essay

By 1928, Hollywood was invaded by sound theater. Silent films made an honorable exit. Vaudeville was also being wiped out. It signaled a phenomenon Tinseltown was not quite prepared for. It was the time of sound facilities and infrastructures. Later on Broadway composers were hired to write screen musicals (â€Å"History of Musical Film†, 2004). The first picture to make a transition from silent film to sound was Warner Bros. ’ 1927 The Jazz Singer starring Al Jolson who mostly did the singing in the movie (â€Å"Musical Film†, 2006). One MGM musical hit opened the doors to the musical film genre. This was the 1929 Broadway Melody with a score by Nacio Herb Brown and Arthur Freed. The story was about two sisters fighting over their love of a song and dance man. It cost $379,000. 00 and grossed for $1. 6 million in its first release. Its title tune is â€Å"You Were Meant for Me. † It was the first sound film to win an Academy Award for Best Picture. MGM’s production chief Irving Thalberg was credited for bringing in a string of musical hits since Broadway Melody. (â€Å"History of Musical Film 1927-1930 Part II†, 2004). Love Parade from Paramount followed on the same year by silent screen director Ernst Lubitch. It is a lighthearted operetta inspired by Broadway to fit the screen starring soprano Jean Macdonald as a young royalty and Maurice Chevalier as the French playboy diplomat. (â€Å"History of Musical Film 1927-1930 Part II†, 2004). The 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s were considered the golden age of musical films. Following are some of the popular musical films: Hollywood Revue of 1929 with Joan Crawford from MGM, Cecil B. Demille’s Madam Satan (1930). 932 mid-Depression saw the making of Love Me Tonight, a collaboration of Richard Rogers, Lorenz Hart, and director Rouben Mamoulian. Rogers and Hart continued with Hallelujah, I’m a Bum (1933) with Al Jolson. (â€Å"History of Musical Film 1930s: Part I†, 2003). Forty Second Street by dance Broadway director Busby Berkeley choreographed the dance sequences while composer Harry Warren and lyricist Al Dublin created the score. It was a million dollar hit for a $400,000 production. It was followed by Footlight Parade (1933), The Gold Diggers (1933) and Hollywood Hotel (1937). â€Å"History of Musical Film 1930s Part II† 2004). Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers entered the musical scene in 1933 through Flying Down to Rio, The Gay Divorcee (1934), Top Hat (1935) with a score by Irving Berlin. It was also the time of Shirley Temple in movies such as Stand Up and Cheer (1934), The Little Colonel (1935), among others. Disney produced Fantasia (1940). MGM revived its musical genre with the release of The Merry Widow (1934) (â€Å"History of Musical Film 1930s Part IV† 2004). The 1940s saw Warner Brothers’ Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942) with James Cagney in his Oscar-winning performance. Then independent producer Samuel Goldwyn found Danny Kaye and made Up in Arms (1944, Wonder Man (1945), among others. It was also the time of Bing Crosby (Road Series, Going My Way, Holiday Inn) and Bob Hope (â€Å"History of Musical Film Screen 1940s: Part I† 2003). Judy Garland starred in Little Nellie Kelly (1940), Ziegfeld Girl (1941), Meet Me in St. Louis (1944) directed by Vincente Minneli, her future husband. She appeared in sixteen MGM musicals. Gene Kelley also was a big MGM star in musical movies like For Me and My Gal (1942), On the Town (1949), among others (â€Å"History of Musical Film 1940s Part III† 2004). The 1950s was the decline of the musical film genre and the emergence of television. Some of the musicals produced from 20th Century Fox were Richard Rodgers & Oscar Hammerstein II’s. Oklahoma (1955), Carousel (1956), King and I (1956). South Pacific (1958). Warner Brothers released some Doris Day films, Love Me or Leave Me (1955), The Pajama Game (1957). Paramount produced What Christmas (1954) while Walt Disney released musical animations such as Cinderella, Alice in Wonderland, Peter Pan, Sleeping Beauty. MGM released Kiss Me Kate (1953) and High Society (1956) (â€Å"History of Musical Film Screen 1950s†, 2003).

Mgmt 410 Midterm Q’s

MGMT 410 Week 2 Make Up This assignment is part of the mid-term review. The questions presented in this assignment will be asked on the mid-term. 1. If all organizations would hire based solely on the ability to do the job, there would be no need for equal employment opportunity laws. Do you agree or disagree? Defend your position. I disagree I believe we will always need equal employment laws, because when we hire based solely on the ability to do the job, then that there is discrimination itself. We are all capable of doing a job, equal employment laws keep everything in balance.There will always be something wrong in the workplace, and we will always need someone to fix it. 2. Sexual harassment occurs between two people only. The company should not be held liable for the actions of a few wayward supervisors. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain. Sexual harassment can be regarded as any unwanted activity of a sexual nature that affects an individual’s employ ment. It can occur between members of the opposite or of the same sex, between organization employees or employees and nonemployees.Much of the problem associated with sexual harassment is determining what constitutes this illegal behavior. In 1993, the EEOC cited three situations in which sexual harassment can occur. These are instances where verbal or physical conduct toward an individual: 1. creates an intimidating, offensive, or hostile environment 2. unreasonably interferes with an individual’s work 3. adversely affects an employee’s employment opportunities Also, in sexual harassment cases, an organization can be held liable for sexual harassment actions by its managers, employees, and even customersDeCenzo. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, 10th Edition. John Wiley & Sons. . 3. According to the court definition, evaluating men and women using different standards is an example of? Sexual Discrimination 4. Which of the following is not true regarding Titl e VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964? a. It prohibits discrimination in hiring, compensation, terms, conditions, and privileges of employment based on race, religion, color, sex, or national origin. b. It protects employees 40-65 years of age from discrimination. c.It prohibits retaliation against an individual who files a charge of discrimination. d. It prohibits retaliation against an individual who opposes any unlawful practice. e. It specifies compliance based on the number of employees in the organization. 5. Dana is a night and weekend manager of a film processing firm with 75 employees. Her mother fell and broke her hip. Dana, a 20-year employee, has requested two months off to care for her. Will the Family and Medical Leave Act protect her job? a. No. She is a key employee. b. No. The legislation applies only to children, not to parents. . No. Two months is longer than the law allows. d. No. She hasn’t worked there long enough. e. No. Dana’s company is too sma ll. MGMT 410 Week 2 Make Up page 2 6. Which of the following is not true regarding bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQ)? a. BFOQs cannot be used in cases of race or color. b. A faculty member must be Catholic to teach at a Jesuit university. c. BFOQs are narrowly defined. d. Religion may be used as a differentiating factor in ordaining a church minister. e. When used as a response to EEO charges, BFOQs must be directly related to the job. . The EEOC was originally granted the power to investigate charges of discrimination based on all of these categories except a. National origin b. Color c. Race d. Age e. Sex 8. All of these statements about the 1991 Civil Rights Act are accurate except a. It prohibits racial harassment on the job. b. It allows for punitive and compensatory damage through jury trials. c. It reduces the Griggs decision impact. d. It reinforces the illegality of employers who make hiring or firing decisions on the basis of race or ethnicity. e.It places the b urden of proof on the employer. 9. According to the EEOC’s Uniform Guidelines, a rule of thumb that identifies selection practices that favor a disproportionate number of non-prote3cted class members is the a. Two-thirds rule b. Acid-test rule c. Ratio rule d. Four-fifths rule e. None of the above. 10. Which of the following is not a law affecting employee rights? a. The Privacy Act b. The Drug-Free Workplace Act c. The Fair Credit Reporting Act d. The Fairness in Employment Act e. The Employee Polygraph Protection Act

Psychology-Carl Jung Essay

Chapter 1 is titled: Dream-Analysis in Its Practical Application. The use of dream-analysis according to Jung in psychotherapy is still a debated topic/question. Some practitioners find using dream-analysis to be necessary in treating neuroses while others find that it is simply part of the psyche. If dream-analysis is to be treated then recognizing the unconscious is a must. It is a method for discovering the unconscious psychic contents that are related to neuroses. Jung says that the analysis and interpretation of dreams can be justified scientifically due to the fact that the unconscious plays a part in neurosis and because dreams are expressing directly from the unconscious activity. Dreams give a correct picture of the subjective state although the conscious mind denies this exists. According to Jung, dreams are to be on the same level as physiology. He gave the example that if sugar is seen in urine, then urine contains sugar. He used that because he believes dreams are facts which are valuable for diagnosis. It allows an insight for the cause of neuroses as well as a prognosis. It can show at what point the treatment should begin. Jung states that the Freudian view believes it necessary for the patient to be conscious of his/her disturbances (surviving the trauma). Jung doesn’t deny that some neuroses have a traumatic origin but he does not believe that all neuroses are of this origin. In order for the dream or neurosis to have true significance, a causalistic approach only will not suffice. Shortly after the beginning of treatment, dreams seem to become less transparent. There can start to become a difficulty in interpretation due to the doctor being unable to understand the whole situation. Jung states that unintelligible dreams are a result of the doctor’s subjective opinion being reflected. It is essential for the analyst to admit a lack of understanding when it occurs in therapy. By stretching the truth, the analyst appeals to the patient’s brain, however, helping him/her grow into their truth reaches the heart. There are secrets of the inner life that dreams give information about as well letting the dreamer know some things about their personality. Chapter 3 is titled: The Aims of Psychotherapy. The formation of neurosis and basic principles of therapy are not agreed upon by psychochologists/psychoanalysists. According to Jung, many people find that explaining their troubles give them an urge to power that comes from a sense of inferiority. The psychotherapist’s successes teach him little or nothing. His/her failures are priceless in that they force him/her to change their views and/or methods. Jung states that it makes no sense to teach from the Freudian viewpoint to a patient to whom the Adlerian theory applies. The doctor is not really in a better position than the patient’s psyche to know what is wanted, although it unconscious to the patient. When it comes to psychic constitution, some people have a spiritual attitude and some a materialistic one. These attitudes show ingrained passions. Jung lets his experience be the decision making tool in terms of therapy. Great choices of life have more to do with instincts than conscious will. Jung’s contribution to psychotherapy for those cases where rational treatment produces no satisfactory results, are confined. Roughly 1/3 of his patients are not suffering from clinical neurosis but from the emptiness of their lives. By meditating on a dream thoroughly, something always comes out of it. It is an important hint that shows the patient the unconscious leading him/her. Jung says there is difficulty when dreams do not show anything tangible. Those dreams give clues of possibilities and never can be made plausible to an outsider. Dreams that contain mythological images can be strange and baffling. For Jung, primitive psychology, mythology, comparative religion, and archaeology is important as they provide analogies that enriches the lives of his patients. Jung says that creative fantasy is the origin for all works of man. This activity of imagination frees man from the â€Å"nothing but† to a spirit of play. Jung’s aim is to create a psychic state where the patient can begin to experiment with their own nature. â€Å"The least of things with a meaning is worth more in life than the greatest of things without it† (Carl Jung). Chapter 5 is titled: The Stages of Life. The problems associated with stages of human development means to unfold a picture of psychic life from cradle to grave. According to Jung, our psychic processes are made up of reflections, experiments, and doubts. They are all foreign to the unconscious mind of man. The existence of problems comes from the growth of consciousness. When man turns away from instinct it creates consciousness. Problems draw an isolated state where nature abandons and consciousness is driven. Even in that, a wider and higher consciousness gives us certainty and clarity. In dealing with problems, we instinctively refuse the way that leads through darkness yet want gratifying results. Knowing is based on a conscious connection with psychic contents. Jung talks about how it seems that young people who struggle with their existence are spared inner problems and those whom adapt easily run into sex problems or conflicts arising from a sense of inferiority. Those who try and protect themselves against the new or strange, regress back to the past and falls in the same neurotic state as the one who can identify the new but runs from the past. Whatever the past gives to us is normally adapted to future possibilities and demands. The design and meaning of a problem does not lie in the solution but in the constant working at it. Statistics show that there is a rise in mental depression cases for men around 40. For women, neurotic difficulties show up earlier. According to Jung, a human being could not live to 70 or 80 if the longevity had no meaning for the species. Jung states that we do not know what happens to a person after they are dead. There are no scientific proofs about it. From the psychotherapy view, it is more desirable to think of death as a transition-a part of the life process whose time and extent escapes our knowledge. The working of the intellect is an understanding that thinking is an equation that nothing comes out of but what we put in. Chapter 6 is titled: Freud and Jung-Contrasts. Widely accepted ideas are not the personal property of their author. Contrary, the author is the servant of his ideas. We do not create ideas, they create us. True expression helps us achieve the best. It consists in giving form to what we observe. Jung states that Freud’s theory regarding sexuality, infantile pleasure and the conflict they have with reality is the truest expression of his psychic makeup. Jung points out that he is not an opponent of Freud. He says our perception is conditioned by what we are. Since we are all different, we see and express things differently. Jung looks at man in ways of health and soundness trying to free the sick from Freud’s point of view. Jung states that Freud’s teaching is one-sided generalizing facts only from neurotic states of mind. According to Jung, Freud made a mistake going against philosophy. Jung has never refused philosophical criticism. He knows that every word he speaks, carries something of himself. He doesn’t doubt that natural instincts are forces of propulsion in human life despite if they are called sexuality or the will to power. Yet, he doesn’t doubt also that these instincts collide with the spirit. Jung attributes a positive value to religion and biology. Freud attributed sexuality as the only driving psychic power. Jung says that only after he split from Freud did Freud begin to acknowledge equal status for to other psychic activities. Although Freud says Jung denies the importance of sexuality in psychic life, Jung claims otherwise. Jung says he tries to set limits to the terminology of sex and merely put it in its place. What Freud describes is that sexual obsession that comes out when a patient has reached the point where him/her needs to be led out of a wrong situation or attitude. Theology cannot help those who are looking for an answer because it demands faith and faith cannot be made. Jung states that we are faced with a need for rediscovering the life of the spirit. According to Jung the contrasts go back to their differences in their basic assumptions. Chapter 10 is titled: The Spiritual Problem of Modern Man. This spiritual problem is a question that belongs to the present but yet we cannot judge fully. It has to do with something universal. To be whole of the present means to be completely conscious of one’s existence and requires intensive and extensive consciousness. Moving forward is act of tearing loose all that embraces unconsciousness which claims the bulk of man. It is a painful fact that every good side has a bad one. According to Jung, modern man has suffered a fatal shock and as a result has fell into profound uncertainty. Jung says that a spiritual need has surfaced. He says there has never been a time where the psyche did not manifest itself but it didn’t attract so much attention until now. The psychic life has always expressed in a metaphysical system. Jung says he used to believe it was his duty to call people to order but not admits the need in calling himself to order. He says that science has destroyed the refuge of the inner life-it once was a haven and now a place of terror. A compensation in the unconscious arises when a piece of the conscious life loses value. The noisome and secrets of the inner life, to the modern man, are valuable because they serve his/her purpose. Psychological insight seems to trespass personal life and therefore, it meets with personal resistance and denial. Jung emphasizes that the unconscious has an attraction for healthy minds and not just the sick. Jung says we are only at the beginning of a new spiritual awareness. Need and distress breed new forms of life. A new self-awareness comes from the attractive power of the psyche. There is a psychic life in the end that embraces us all. Modern Man In Search Of A Soul actually chose me instead of me choosing it. I was looking through the psychoanalysts and psychologists that were studied in class. None really sparked an interest in me like Carl Jung. The funny thing is we have all heard of Freud and he is probably one of the more popular choices for such an assignment. However, I wanted someone who contributed just as well to the field of psychology but wasn’t really in the lime light. I had to research all of Jung’s theories to make sure I was comfortable with choosing him. I found a sort of connection with Jung. I was about to buy one book when my eyes happened to glance downward and saw this one. How more spiritual than that? I wanted something to be able to relate to and believe in. Low and behold, this book showed up. There are a total of 11 chapters in this book. Surprisingly, it was not hard to choose the ones that were of interest to me. The first chapter talked about dream analysis. I believe, like Jung, that dreams do tell a lot about and to the dreamer. Some examples he gave in the book were amazing. I wonder at times if people who write books about their work exaggerate on what really took place. For whatever reason, I believe Jung wholeheartedly. Dreams can show what steps to take next as well as what steps not to take. Most of us forget the dreams we have yet there are some dreams that stick with us forever. I believe this happens because it kept in the subconscious mind. We make ourselves aware of the dream as it has significance in our present life. I can see how it can be difficult for the doctor not to judge or impress his/her beliefs on the patient/client. The chapter about the stages of life was interesting. I see myself and I also see my mother in the stages that were presented. Jung states that what keeps one from being ultimately happy is the refusal to be open to new experiences. When we transition from childhood to adolescence, nature sort of abandons us to the conscious world. He used the biblical analogy of the fall of man to the beginning awareness of consciousness as a curse. The chapter regarding the contrasts between Freud and Jung speaks for itself. They both contributed significantly to the field of psychology. Most theorists have their foundation in Freud’s theories. Many began to break away from him and form their own theories, which to me is just like the transition from adolescence to adulthood. As an adolescence we are under the wings of our parents and thus for most of us we believe what our parents have taught us. Once we transition to adulthood, we have a better understanding of life and will experience things that will and can make our view different from our parents in some areas. The last chapter I summarized about was the spiritual problems of modern man. I believe the mind does have a spiritual connection. Like Jung I don’t see how one cannot see that there is a link between the psyche and spirit. I agree with Jung when he talks about life after death. How can we know what really happens if no one dies and then comes back to tell us what happens. There is no definite answer. This book report has proven to be very insightful. It has broaden my horizon and made me think. The good thing is, it makes more than ever ready to study more.

Ford to Cut New-Car Greenhouse Emissions 30% by 2020 Research Paper

Ford to Cut New-Car Greenhouse Emissions 30% by 2020 - Research Paper Example The company has failed to meet its goals that were to improve the mileage on sport-utility vehicles by the year 2005 to 25%. According to the views of Susan Cischke, although the company has failed to meet its commitments, its SUV (Sports-Utility Vehicle) mileage goals has been a blueprint demonstrating where the company wants to go and thus stated that she is confident that this time the company will be able to achieve the goal. However, Alan Mulley (Chief Executive Officer) stated that the company will try to focus upon the environmental friendly issues. According to Friends of the Earth, which is an environmental group stated that the announcements that has been made by the Ford Motors has been quite unimpressive since the stated targets of 30% reduction meets the regulatory requirements (Koenig, â€Å"Ford to Cut New-Car Greenhouse Emissions 30% by 2020 (Update4)†).   The most important point in the article that has been agreed with is the Vice President’s stateme nt that stated, the difficulties Ford Motors might face while implementing the policies of greenhouse gas emissions, however, it is not impossible task at all. The statement makes it evident that the company seems to perceive the social responsibility as an opportunity to serve the society and other participants rather than a damage control initiative. If the leader is of such views then the company as a whole can be prepared to work with the similar enthusiasm and mindset as that of the Vice  President, Susan Chischke.  

IPhone Customer Satisfaction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

IPhone Customer Satisfaction - Assignment Example The purpose for research into iPhone customer satisfaction of service and functions is to investigate why has it fallen from the number one ranking within the USA and UK market place. This research is crucial to the academic field as it will provide relevant information to the future researchers related to the satisfaction level of customers with iPhone. The research will help in providing information on the impact of customer services of iPhone on enhancing customer loyalty, thereby, enabling companies to be able to enhance the customers’ satisfaction level by designing and developing highly innovative and attractive products. In addition, this research study will help in identifying any other key factor responsible for the decline and if the causes are from the macro or micro environments or if they are frequent. This will help Apple and other companies in coming up with strategies to tackle such declines.The research methods that have been adopted for this project include t he use of questionnaires and the secondary method in the form of literature review as well as face to face interview with the potential/current customers and potential clients.  An investigator has an obligation of ensuring that the subjects receive a full disclosure of the nature of the study, the risks, benefits and alternatives, as well as an extended opportunity to ask questions. As a result, the research took into account ethical considerations towards the respondents as well as the company researched. This was made evident in the questionnaire within the opening paragraph, to ensure the individual was immediately aware of the considerations and that the company was not harmed in any way with regards to the research undertaken.

Mary Parker Follett Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mary Parker Follett - Essay Example She was also heavily involved in social work where she got in touch with people from different classes and ethnicities which allowed her to come to the conclusion that diversity is an important requirement for all walks of life (Smith, 2002). She said that â€Å"Instead of shutting out what is different, we should welcome it because it is different and through its difference will make a richer content of life (Follett, 1918, Pg. 40)†. She said this long before other business consultants considered diversity in an organization to be an important competitive advantage. However, her contributions towards systems of management and towards the governance of organizations are what she is most remembered for. She outlined her ideas in a paper she wrote under the title The Psychological Foundations of Business Administration which was presented in 1925. In it, she suggested that organizations functioned in ways which were similar to societies and were indeed social networks where indi viduals could work towards the benefit of all those who were in the network. Similarly, it becomes the responsibility of the organization to help the growth of the individual thus leading to a cycle of fulfillment for both parties (Smith, 2002). While management gurus today extol the values of an organization, as early as 1941, Follett had connected the values of an individual and the values of an organization as the main function of group work when she said that working in a company showed, â€Å"the willingness to search for the real values involved on both sides and the ability to bring about an interpenetration of these values (Follett, 1941, Pg. 181)†. As suggested by Boje and Rosile (2001), the scientific management process developed by earlier management gurus was given a social context by Follett where the employees became active participants in the growth and development of the company.

The Multicultural Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Multicultural Marketing - Essay Example Today almost all major corporations are actively marketing their products beyond their original homeland borders. Infact the issue is generally not whether to market a brand in other countries or to target multiple audience but rather â€Å"how to do it† (as the same product with the same â€Å"global† advertising campaign, or â€Å"tailored† products and localized ads for each country). Today, marketers are much more aware of the significant opportunity that the varying demographic groups present. What's more, they realize that they can no longer afford to neglect the combined buying power of ethnic Americans who, according to estimates, make up $1.3 trillion, or 18.5%, of all US buying. To appeal to these highly lucrative and diverse audiences, marketers are abandoning traditional mass-marketing practices in favor of laser-focused, multicultural marketing efforts. This paper is discussing following points: 1. Understanding what is multicultural marketing? 2. Ways in which ethnicity can be incorporated into marketing strategy. 3. Presenting steps that how a marketer can reach its diverse customers in best possible way. 4. Importance of marketing for multicultural audience, and the benefits and advantages from being unique marketers for multicultural audience. ... This paper although focuses on cross-cultural marketing, the discussion is at the level of the individual nation-state rather than marketing between countries. In multicultural societies the composition of the population can be highly culturally diverse, comprising many ethnic groups which necessitate a cross cultural approach to marketing strategy and management as suggested by Rugimbana and Nwanko (2003). Here it is important to highlight the importance of ethnicity in marketing in multicultural societies or as WiLkison and Cheng (1999: 106) refer to it â€Å"international marketing at home. TECHNIQUES FOR MULTICULTURAL MARKETING: According to Tharp (2001), decision-makers in organizations in multicultural markets should have the skill of â€Å"border mentality† — identifying multiple situational-cultural meanings, or should perform the role of transmigrants† — bridging or overlapping agents among two or more subcultures. In order to be broad minded foll owing techniques should be adopted: 1) To spot patterns that allow subcultures to be grouped together, so that a common marketing Strategy may be extended to several subcultures in a group (â€Å"transcultural† marketing); 2) To develop a distinct marketing strategy for each subculture, if there is a significantly distinct cultural dimension that is important to the specific culture (multicultural marketing); 3) To further segment audiences in a subculture, if needed, in terms of cultural affinity, cultural identity or acculturation level (tactical adaptation within a subculture); 4) To develop parameters of culturally acceptable marketing stimuli; and 5) to establish a protocol for measuring cultural effectiveness of the stimuli. THE MOST CRITICAL ISSUES FACED BY MANAGERS   The critical issues are defined